|
| Disease | Biomarkers | Changes |
|
| Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) | 8-Isoprostane
H2O2
3-nitrotyrosine
docosatetraenoyl-LPA | [194, 195] |
|
| Cystic fibrosis (CF) | pH | , and during exacerbation [196, 201], [197] |
| Nitrotyrosine | [198], 3-nitrotyrosine [199] |
| Nitrites | [200, 201] |
| Nitric oxide | , correlated with disease severity [201] |
| 8-Isoprostane | , marker of CF exacerbation [201] |
| IL-6 | during exacerbation, and after treatment [203, 204] |
| IL-8 | in stable CF [202], in CF exacerbation, and after treatment [203, 204] |
IL-5
TNF-α | Detected in paediatric CF population [208] |
| LTE4 | during exacerbation, and after treatment [203, 204] |
|
| Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) | Natriuretic peptide
pro-BNP
ET-1 | Higher levels in IPAH versus COPD-PAH [206] |
|
ET-1 | in COPD-PAH, correlated with PASP [208] |
6-keto-
8-isoprostane
IL-6 | Higher levels in COPD-PAH versus IPAH [207] |
|
| Sarcoidosis | 8-Isoprostane
Cys-LTs | in both EBC and BAL [9] |
Neopterin
TGF-β1 | [210] |
|
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA) | | |
| Pediatric patients | 8-Isoprostane
IL-6 | in patients with clinical score >40, correlated with cardiac dysfunction [211] |
LTB4
Cys-LTs | in patients with AHI >5/h [212] |
| H2O2 | [213] |
| Uric salts | [214] |
| Adult patients | 8-Isoprostane | [215–217], correlated with AHI and neck periphery, and after CPAP therapy [215] |
| IL-6 | [216, 217] |
| TNF- | [216, 217] |
| pH | [217] |
| H2O2 | , and after after CPAP therapy [218] |
ICAM-1
IL-8 | in both healthy obese and obese OSA-patients [219] |
|
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | in both EBC and BAL [220, 221], significantly correlated with the disease activity |
|
| Chronic Renal Disease (CRD) | pH
Nitrites
Nitrates | , and after haemodialysis [222] |
| H2O2 | in patients with severe uremia, who underwent haemodialysis [223] |
|
