Pollinator Behaviour on a Food-Deceptive Orchid Calypso bulbosa and Coflowering Species

Figure 1

Calypso bulbosa, its pollinators, and coflowering species; (a) flowers of Daphne mezereum at a forest site, still with melting snow (May 2008, JT); (b) slowly moving Bombus pratorum on flowering D. mezereum at a forest site (May 2007, LW); (c) B. pratorum with several pairs of Calypso pollinia on willow (May 2008, JT); (d) inactive bumblebee queens on willow either with pollinia (behind: B. pratorum with 2 pairs of pollinia; uppermost: B. hypnorum/cingulatus with 5 pairs of pollinia) or without (B. hypnorum/cingulatus lowest) (June 2007, LW); (e) two flowering C. bulbosa (June 2007, LW); (f) Bombus sp. visiting a Calypso flower (2007, LW); (g) B. pratorum atypically walking on C. bulbosa flower and with a pollinarium covered by a cap (May 2010, TA); and (h) Bombus sp. and Vaccinium myrtillus at the start of flowering (June 2007, LW). Photos by Thomas Abeli (TA), Juha Tuomi (JT), and Lauri Wannas (LW) in the Oulanka National Park, Kuusamo, Finland.

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