Recent Trends in Rapid Environmental Monitoring of Pathogens and Toxicants: Potential of Nanoparticle-Based Biosensor and Applications

Figure 1

Schematic diagram illustrating different nanoparticles conferring optical (e.g., gold nanoparticles (GNPs)), fluorescence (e.g., quantum dots (QDs)), and magnetic (e.g., magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)) properties, and combinations between these particles as nanocomposites conferring multifunctionalities provide distinct advantages for environmental monitoring.