Recent Trends in Rapid Environmental Monitoring of Pathogens and Toxicants: Potential of Nanoparticle-Based Biosensor and Applications

Figure 2

Scheme representing nanobiosensor components consisting of different bioreceptors (e.g., antibodies, aptamers, cell-surface molecules, enzymes, oligonucleotide probes, and phages) and major transducers depending on types of signal response (i.e., optical, electrochemical, and mechanical signal). Output can be displayed as UV-visible or photoluminescence spectra and magnetic resonance images.