Research Article
Vitamin D Status among Older Adults Residing in the Littoral and Andes Mountains in Ecuador
Table 2
Prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency among older adults in Ecuador.
| | | 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL
% (95% CI) | value | 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL
% (95% CI) | value |
| | Age groups, yrs. | | | | | | 60–69 | 18.2 (15.6–21.1) | <0.001 | 64.8 (61.2–68.3) | <0.001 | | 70–79 | 22.4 (18.9–26.3) | 70.5 (66.1–74.6) | | ≥80 | 28.5 (22.7–35.0) | 68.7 (62.4–74.5) | | Sex | | | | | | Men | 11.5 (9.4–13.9) | <0.001 | 55.9 (52.1–59.7) | <0.001 | | Women | 29.6 (26.5–32.9) | 77.4 (74.2–80.2) | | Race | | | | | | Indian | 40.5 (31.3–50.4) | <0.001 | 84.0 (76.2–89.6) | <0.001 | | Mestizo | 19.2 (17.1–21.6) | 65.8 (62.7–68.8) | | Black | 16.0 (9.2–26.4) | 63.0 (49.7–74.5) | | Mulatto | 15.3 (8.0–27.1) | 69.4 (54.7–80.9) | | White | 22.5 (17.1–29.1) | 67.9 (60.6–74.3) | | BMI (Kg/m2) | | | | | | Underweight | 20.4 (11.1–34.5) | <0.001 | 65.9 (49.9–79.0) | <0.001 | | Normal | 19.3 (16.3–22.8) | 61.6 (57.3–65.7) | | Overweight | 19.2 (16.3–22.6) | 71.1 (67.4–74.6) | | Obesity | 28.3 (23.3–33.9) | 74.0 (68.1–79.2) | | Living status | | | | | | Alone | 20.9 (15.3–27.8) | <0.001 | 69.1 (60.0–77.0) | <0.001 | | Accompanied | 21.6 (19.5–23.9) | 67.7 (65.1–70.2) | | Area of residence | | | | | | Rural mountains | 34.8 (29.3–40.8) | <0.001 | 86.6 (82.5–89.9) | <0.001 | | Urban mountains | 26.6 (22.8–30.8) | 86.2 (82.5–89.2) | | Rural coast | 10.6 (7.1–15.6) | 44.3 (37.4–51.5) | | Urban coast | 14.0 (11.6–16.9) | 50.9 (46.7–55.2) | | Literacy | | | | | Yes | 19.2 (17.0–21.5) | <0.001 | 65.7 (62.7–68.5) | <0.001 | | No | 27.1 (22.8–31.8) | 73.2 (68.7–77.2) | | Consume dairy products | | | | | | Yes | 21.0 (18.6–23.6) | <0.001 | 66.9 (63.9–69.8) | <0.001 | | No | 22.8 (19.0–27.0) | 69.7 (65.1–73.8) | | Smoking status | | | | | | Current | 13.5 (8.6–20.6) | <0.001 | 54.3 (46.0–62.4) | <0.001 | | Former | 14.3 (11.3–17.8) | 57.7 (52.8–62.4) | | Never | 26.4 (23.6–29.4) | 75.0 (72.0–77.8) | | Alcohol use | | | | | | None | 22.8 (20.5–25.4) | <0.001 | 68.8 (66.0–71.4) | <0.001 | | 1 day | 17.9 (13.7–23.0) | 66.2 (60.2–71.8) | | ≥2 days | 11.3 (4.8–24.3) | 51.7 (34.8–68.2) | | Physical activity | | | | | | Yes | 18.8 (15.6–22.5) | <0.001 | 65.5 (60.8–69.9) | <0.001 | | No | 22.9 (20.4–25.6) | 69.0 (66.0–71.8) | | Self-reported health | | | | | | Excellent to good | 22.5 (18.6–27.0) | <0.001 | 70.6 (65.9–74.9) | <0.001 | | Fair to poor | 21.1 (18.8–23.6) | 66.8 (63.9–69.6) | | Mobility disability | | | | | | Yes | 22.9 (19.6–26.4) | <0.001 | 69.8 (65.9–73.5) | <0.001 | | No | 20.6 (18.1–23.4) | 66.4 (63.1–69.5) | | Limitation in ADLs | | | | | | Yes | 25.4 (21.2–30.0) | <0.001 | 67.1 (62.1–71.6) | <0.001 | | No | 20.2 (17.9–22.7) | 68.1 (65.2–70.9) |
|
|
