Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Impaired Biogenesis Are Partly Protected by Vitamin C and N-Acetylcysteine

Figure 3

Role of antioxidants in IS-induced mitochondrial depolarization in HUVECs. Quantification analysis of relative MMP mean intensity (% of control) of Rhodamine 123. Cells were treated with IS 125 μg/mL alone as the positive control, cotreated with IS 125 μg/mL and vitamin C 200 μM or NAC 10 mM for 48 h. Cells without IS treatment were regarded as the negative control. Data, mean ± SD (). compared to the control.