Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Increases Cerebral Blood Flow via a NO Surge Mediated by Akt/eNOS Pathway to Reduce Ischemic Injury

Figure 1

Time course of real-time rCBF in rat striata. Representative tracing of rCBF in (a) shows that administration of 50 or 200 μg/kg G-CSF (I/R + G-CSF) significantly accelerated the recovery of striatal rCBF. Further real-time analysis of rCBF in rats with I/R, I/R + G-CSF, and L-NAME + I/R + G-CSF within 3 hours (b) shows that 200 μg/kg G-CSF shortened the recovery time from 43 minutes to as early as 7 minutes () as compared with I/R. L-NAME pretreatment (L-NAME + I/R + G-CSF) significantly blunted the effect of G-CSF in early recovery of rCBF (from 26 minutes to 38 minutes, ) as compared with I/R + G-CSF. (c) Statistical results of TFR₅₀ showing that administration of G-CSF (both 50 μg/kg and 200 μg/kg) significantly accelerated TFR₅₀. 200 μg/kg G-CSF treatment promoted faster TFR₅₀ ( minutes, ) than 50 μg/kg G-CSF treated rats. 50 μg/kg G-CSF treated rats showed faster TFR₅₀ ( minutes, ) as compared with the I/R rats ( minutes). L-NAME-pretreatment (L-NAME + I/R + G-CSF) blunted the shortening of TFR₅₀ ( minutes, ) as compared with I/R + G-CSF (200 μg/kg) animals. Data are presented as mean percentage changes of basal rCBF ± S.E.M.

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