Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Increases Cerebral Blood Flow via a NO Surge Mediated by Akt/eNOS Pathway to Reduce Ischemic Injury

Figure 2

Real-time regional nitric oxide (NO) in striatal tissue of rats. (a) I/R induced rapid and sharp NO release (I/R). G-CSF treatment (I/R + G-CSF (200 μg/kg)) enhanced a marked NO increase (from 5 to 20 minutes, ) as compared to the I/R group. L-NAME pretreatment (L-NAME + I/R + G-CSF) significantly reduced the striatal NO release (from 5 to 38 minutes, ) as compared to the I/R + G-CSF group. (b) Cumulative real-time regional NO concentration (nM) per 15-minute interval shows that the regional NO of I/R + G-CSF increased markedly at both the 0–15- and 16–30-minute intervals () as compared to the I/R group. The L-NAME pretreatment (L-NAME + I/R + G-CSF) significantly reduced the regional NO concentration at both the 0–15- and 16–30-minute intervals as compared with I/R () or I/R + G-CSF (). Data are presented as mean of regional NO concentration ± S.E.M. (nM).

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