Author (year of publication) Study design Type of pelvic cancer surgery Number of patients Penile rehabilitation modality Active drug (dosage) Regimen Duration Outcomes Montorsi et al. (1997) [14 ] PRCT NSRP 30 ICI Alprostadil (2.5–14 µ g) 3 times weekly starting 1 month after surgery 12 weeks Recovery of spontaneous EF Mulhall et al. (2005) [48 ] Prospective controlled nonrandomized trial RP 132 PDE5I or ICI for nonresponders to PDE5I Sildenafil (50–100 mg) and alprostadil Daily oral PDE5I or 3 times weekly ICI for nonresponders 18 months 2.7 times higher spontaneous EF and statistically higher IIEF scores Bannowsky et al. (2008) [49 ] PRCT NSRP 41 PDE5I Sildenafil (25 mg) Nightly low dose starting the day of catheter removal 52 weeks Higher spontaneous EF and statistically higher IIEF scores Padma-Nathan et al. (2008) [50 ] PRCT BNSRP 76 PDE5I Sildenafil (50–100 mg) Nightly starting 4 weeks after surgery 36 weeks Improvement in spontaneous EF and satisfaction Montorsi et al. (2004) [34 , 51 ] PRCT BNSRP 303 PDE5I Tadalafil (20 mg) On demand 12 to 48 months after surgery 12 weeks Statistically higher IIEF scores and higher satisfaction Brock et al. (2003) [52 ] PRCT NSRP 440 PDE5I Vardenafil (10–20 mg) On demand 12 weeks Statistically higher IIEF scores Raina et al. (2006) [100 ] PRCT NSRP 109 VED VED Daily starting two weeks after surgery 9 months Improvement in spontaneous EF, IIEF scores, and satisfaction Raina et al. (2007) [55 ] Prospective controlled nonrandomized trial NSRP 91 Transurethral MUSE (125 or 250 µ g) 3 times weekly starting 3 weeks after the surgery 9 months Recovery of spontaneous EF
Köhler et al. (2007) [57 ] PRCT NSRP 28 VED VED Daily (10 mins) (immediate (1 month) versus delayed (6 months)) 5 months Improvement of EF and preservation of penile length Montorsi et al. (2008) [61 ] PRCT BNSRP 628 PDE5I Vardenafil (10 mg nightly versus 5/20 mg on demand) 10 mg nightly versus 5/20 mg on demand 9 months No difference in IIEF-EF between nightly dosing and on-demand dosing McCullough (2008) [30 ] PRCT NSRP 54 Transurethral versus PDE5I MUSE (125 µ g) versus sildenafil (50 mg) Nightly starting 1 month after the surgery 9 months No differences in recovery
Schwartz et al. (2004) [27 ] Prospective controlled nonrandomized trial NSRP 21 PDE5I Sildenafil (50 mg versus 100 mg) Every other night beginning the day of catheter removal 6 months No loss of smooth muscle in 50 mg and gain of smooth muscle in 100 mg Nandipati et al. (2006) [101 ] Prospective controlled nonrandomized trial NSRP 22 PDE5I and ICI Sildenafil (50 mg) and alprostadil (1–4 µ g) or trimix (20 U) Sildenafil daily and ICI 2-3 times weekly at hospital discharge 6 months Assisted early sexual activity and satisfaction; addition of PDE5I allows lower dose of ICI Zippe et al. (2004) [63 ] Retrospective RC 49 PDE5I Sildenafil (?) Not specified Not specified Successful Hautmann et al. (2010) [72 ] Retrospective RC 9 PDE5I Sildenafil (?) Not specified Not specified Partial tumescence in 5/9 patients El-Bahnasawy et al. (2008) [73 ] Prospective nonrandomized trial RC 100 PDE5I Sildenafil (50–100 mg) Daily 4 weeks with 50 mg and then 4 weeks with 100 mg Dose related effect Nishizawa et al. (2011) [78 ] Prospective nonrandomized trial Rectal cancer surgery 49 PDE5I Sildenafil (25 mg) and vardenafil (5 mg) or On demand Not specified Improvement in EF in 69% of patients Lindsey et al. (2002) [82 ] PRCT Rectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease surgery 32 PDE5I Sildenafil (25–50–100 mg) Dose escalation 4 weeks 79% responded to
