Detection of Prosthetic Knee Movement Phases via In-Socket Sensors: A Feasibility Study

Table 3

Standard deviation values for piezoelectric.

	Gait cycle	Standard deviation	Sit to stand	Standard deviation	Stair ascent	Standard deviation
	%	±	%	±	%	±
Anterior distal	0	0.448	0	0.783	0	1.276
	0.16	1.046	0.22	1.123	0.3	1.102
	42.22	3.057	0.45	3.707	0.6	1.202
	44.44	3.278	5.71	0.252	40	0.138
	46.11	4.086	59.42	0.422	43	0.006
	72.22	2.873	61.71	0.892	46	0.207
	73.88	0.192	64	1.203	50	0.203
	97.77	0.963	66.28	1.694	53	0.224
	100	0.811	97.71	2.149	96	1.308
			100	2.346	100	1.336
Anterior proximal	0	0.849	0	4.617	0	0.654
	0.16	0.712	0.22	3.616	0.3	0.703
	42.22	4.909	0.45	2.428	0.6	0.705
	44.44	3.975	5.71	2.264	40	0.603
	46.11	6.115	59.42	3.961	43	0.044
	72.22	6.031	61.71	4.918	46	0.117
	73.88	5.598	64	5.075	50	0.479
	97.77	1.096	66.28	3.194	53	0.476
	100	1.173	97.71	1.853	96	0.497
			100	1.833	100	0.598
Posterior	0	2.375	0	2.026	0	1.439
	0.16	5.215	0.22	1.650	0.3	1.129
	42.22	5.284	0.45	3.168	0.6	1.442
	44.44	6.136	5.71	2.639	40	0.141
	46.11	5.715	59.42	3.643	43	0.189
	72.22	2.853	61.71	4.032	46	1.253
	73.88	1.628	64	3.375	50	1.270
	97.77	6.081	66.28	3.119	53	1.308
	100	6.048	97.71	4.917	96	1.654
			100	4.930	100	1.675