Coapplication of Chicken Litter Biochar and Urea Only to Improve Nutrients Use Efficiency and Yield of Oryza sativa L. Cultivation on a Tropical Acid Soil

Table 10

Effects of coapplication of biochar and urea on nutrients uptake in a field study.

Treatment	T1	T2	T4	T5	T6	T7	T8
	mg/0.04 m^2
Total N	1.90^d  ±  0.05	11.61^cd  ±  2.60	31.63^a  ±  7.33	27.50^ab  ±  1.55	17.18^bc  ±  2.30	7.27^cd  ±  0.90	3.31^cd  ±  0.64
Si	41.4^b  ±  2.28	58.4^ab  ±  4.52	95.8^a  ±  12.14	52.8^ab  ±  8.12	63.2^ab  ±  13.47	32.2^ab  ±  2.62	44.6^b  ±  12.26
	mg/0.04 m^2
Total P	2.73^e  ±  0.10	9.14^de  ±  1.23	38.32^a  ±  2.34	31.44^ab  ±  3.92	25.58^bc  ±  2.81	16.91^cd  ±  2.53	8.31^de  ±  1.71
K^+	119.0^d  ±  11.19	306.5^c  ±  36.96	439.1^ab  ±  26.39	445.6^a  ±  31.15	424.9^abc  ±  14.26	307.6^bc  ±  33.12	159.2^d  ±  27.23
Ca^2+	36.4^bc  ±  2.12	48.6^bc  ±  5.27	117.9^a  ±  8.39	129.9^a  ±  12.19	85.0^ab  ±  6.35	49.3^bc  ±  4.25	25.7^c  ±  6.06
Mg^2+	11.9^c  ±  1.69	36.0^c  ±  4.76	99.5^a  ±  9.53	93.7^ab  ±  5.31	71.1^b  ±  8.00	36.4^c  ±  4.00	19.4^c  ±  4.90
Na^2+	116.2^ab  ±  14.74	144.6^ab  ±  35.21	256.3^ab  ±  86.48	227.0^a  ±  34.03	41.5^ab  ±  7.75	98.6^b  ±  30.37	91.6^ab  ±  31.85
Fe^2+	1.29^c  ±  0.16	4.64^bc  ±  0.80	9.80^a  ±  1.52	7.86^ab  ±  1.22	5.27^bc  ±  0.63	3.10^c  ±  0.58	1.39^c  ±  0.24
Cu^2+	0.012^a  ±  0.004	0.018^a  ±  0.005	0.023^a  ±  0.011	0.034^a  ±  0.007	0.018^a  ±  0.007	0.008^a  ±  0.005	0.013^a  ±  0.007
Zn^2+	0.29^c  ±  0.06	0.94^ab  ±  0.20	1.35^a  ±  0.12	1.36^a  ±  0.19	1.18^a  ±  0.05	0.87^abc  ±  0.10	0.42^bc  ±  0.10
Mn^2+	0.011^a  ±  0.002	0.039^a  ±  0.005	0.071^a  ±  0.026	0.092^a  ±  0.024	0.124^a  ±  0.048	0.056^a  ±  0.017	0.047^a  ±  0.014

Different letters within a row indicate significant difference between means using Tukey’s test at ≤ 0.05.