Minimally Invasive Technique for PMMA Augmentation of Fenestrated Screws

Table 2

Distribution of cement extravasations. The table shows the numbers and frequencies of cement extravasations assigned to the level of minimally invasively cement-augmented pedicle screws. Note that the count of cement extravasations implies the assessment based on plain radiographs and computed tomography together.

Level of cemented screw	Count of screws studied	Count of cement extravasations	Percentage of cement extravasations	Symptomatic cement extravasations
Th1	0	n/a	n/a	n/a
Th2	2	0	0.0%	0
Th3	4	0	0.0%	0
Th4	2	0	0.0%	0
Th5	4	0	0.0%	0
Th6	2	0	0.0%	0
Th7	4	0	0.0%	0
Th8	0	n/a	n/a	n/a
Th9	2	0	0.0%	0
Th10	2	0	0.0%	0
Th11	2	1	50.0%	0
Th12	2	0	0.0%	0
L1	6	0	0.0%	0
L2	14	1	7.1%	0
L3	12	2	16.7%	0
L4	54	13	24.1%	0
L5	41	9	21.9%	0
S1	4	1	25.0%	0
Overall	157	27	17.2%	0

n/a: not applicable.