Optimal Siting and Sizing of Multiple DG Units for the Enhancement of Voltage Profile and Loss Minimization in Transmission Systems Using Nature Inspired Algorithms
Table 4
Optimal values obtained for best result cases.
Control variables
No DG
5 DGs’ LSF
PSO
GSA
Hybrid
PSO
GSA
Hybrid
1.089917
1.043908
1.099979
1.069308
0.953278
1.027006
1.018297
1.08685
1.074454
1.082366
1.034023
1.091815
1.088762
0.943393
1.021787
1.012454
1.082779
1.068675
1.062927
1.00884
1.069204
1.1
0.969738
1.0009
0.991337
1.062865
1.047696
1.039571
1.011822
1.068482
1.058558
0.994771
1.067363
1.053259
1.050594
1.022672
0.985823
1.070703
0.974405
1.024211
1.011202
0.9792
0.970688
1.01784
1.032264
0.988852
0.946661
1.03617
1.023102
1.00859
0.980954
0.979823
1.007764
0.992142
1.081123
1.065734
0.96849
0.985923
0.990601
1.094339
1.085628
1.013321
0.991287
1.079838
1.016578
1.006752
0.982872
0.999366
1.087027
1.07876
0.974232
0.988311
1.090329
1.096735
1.010581
0.988205
0.983372
1.09214
1.075721
0.998855
0.996503
1.018112
1.1
1.005154
1.003624
0.99675
1.005436
1.006862
0
5.085415
6.710543
1.013802
1.02632
4.587534
5.458556
6.135134
5.5659
5.910549
4.815389
6.514192
5.623678
5.629074
4.953474
4.783481
6.015178
5.631306
9.409826
5.035168
6.211642
9.501841
9.18421
5.153297
5.083737
6.233104
5.558516
5.640918
5.263779
6.238567
5.019682
5.075339
5.216868
5.443653
6.13873
5.372718
3.559025
5.482562
6.625873
3.710988
3.733716
5.562014
5.448493
5.979799
5.498727
5.846265
5.747952
6.653561
5.959905
5.733319
5.359788
5.347674
6.197945
5.600752
10
6.245089
6.680471
9.704982
9.699361
5.659589
5.957551
6.072773
5.471516
5.489716
4.813535
6.524242
5.12668
5.156616
4.408785
4.87739
6.059574
5.515494
3.073788
6.131744
6.515898
2.492969
2.435573
6.338891
6.457947
6.089195
5.529888
—
—
—
7.845027
7.710418
6.914579
7.578882
8.035948
7.544586
—
—
—
10.5418
10.54352
7.564736
7.497634
8.003554
7.523266
—
—
—
6.197235
5.876226
6.588308
6.687485
7.937735
11.336
—
—
—
4.147673
4.009441
6.719616
6.538963
11.336
7.597863
—
—
—
6.430637
6.435573
7.44897
7.417048
11.336
7.69812
—
—
—
—
3.052677
—
3.311614
—
3.348694
—
—
—
—
2.054185
—
2.841042
—
3.261832
—
—
—
—
2.623982
—
2.817567
—
3.313153
—
—
—
—
2.464426
—
3.53734
—
1.262468
—
—
—
—
3.360252
—
2.924316
—
3.347687
The units of , , , , and in the table are in p.u., p.u., MW, and MVAR.
