Optimal Siting and Sizing of Multiple DG Units for the Enhancement of Voltage Profile and Loss Minimization in Transmission Systems Using Nature Inspired Algorithms
Table 5
Control variables
5 DGs’ WK bus
PSO
GSA
Hybrid
1.069308
1.069308
0.953278
1.019529
1.031666
1.018056
1.085504
5
1.085358
1.088762
1.088762
0.943393
1.014656
1.02243
1.012203
1.081343
1.02243
1.080559
1.1
1.1
0.969738
0.994113
0.999328
0.991059
1.061518
0.999328
1.060591
1.065719
1.000208
1.062606
1.070703
1.070703
0.974405
1.029595
1.013144
1.011856
0.978619
1.013144
0.965969
0.946661
0.946661
1.03617
1.030549
1.023832
1.006507
0.98228
1.023832
0.967785
1.065734
1.065734
0.96849
0.975017
0.990016
0.98121
1.088784
0.990016
1.1
1.016578
1.016578
1.006752
0.992393
0.993312
0.997504
1.089788
0.993312
1.1
1.096735
1.096735
1.010581
0.977333
0.984654
0.986355
1.087525
0.984654
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.005154
0.996589
1.001132
0.999475
1.004579
1.001132
1.010224
1.013802
1.013802
1.02632
4.580024
4.724464
5.449149
6.102514
4.724464
5.706719
5.623678
5.623678
5.629074
4.959731
5.004031
4.782598
5.936364
5.004031
5.469174
9.501841
9.501841
9.18421
5.172064
5.169386
5.073348
6.327842
5.169386
5.417166
5.019682
5.019682
5.075339
5.216286
5.26975
5.476113
6.193466
5.26975
5.591361
3.710988
3.710988
3.733716
5.562951
5.543824
5.421283
6.209261
5.543824
5.624744
5.959905
5.959905
5.733319
5.347173
5.346397
5.328151
5.975524
5.346397
5.727526
9.704982
9.704982
9.699361
5.653493
5.625959
5.959699
6.149491
5.625959
5.375455
5.12668
5.12668
5.156616
4.394021
4.349062
4.898907
6.190531
4.349062
5.538482
2.492969
2.492969
2.435573
6.346391
6.290148
6.442072
6.072827
6.290148
5.602689
7.845027
7.710418
6.901596
7.568974
8.192465
7.556758
10.5418
10.54352
7.545859
7.472385
7.997332
11.336
6.197235
5.876226
6.574641
6.69055
8.783369
7.577594
4.147673
4.009441
6.728393
6.555974
8.022007
11.336
6.430637
6.435573
7.464848
7.424602
11.3355
7.574928
3.551065
3.052677
3.027613
3.315499
3.027613
3.253077
4.691007
2.054185
3.297964
2.830617
3.297964
3.344049
2.969467
2.623982
2.889797
2.813561
2.889797
3.387994
1.945957
3.360252
2.942343
2.936526
2.942343
3.319405
2.860872
2.464426
3.25268
3.540268
3.25268
3.326865
The units of , , , , and in the table are in p.u., p.u., MW, and MVAR.
