Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Radiation Hazards in Agricultural and Virgin Soil in the State of Kedah, North of Malaysia

Table 2

The activity concentrations of  ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K (Bq kg⁻¹) in agricultural and virgin soil samples collected from Kedah soil of north Malaysia.

Sample number	Activity concentrations (Bq kg^−1)			(nGy h^−1)	AEDE; (mSv y^−1)	(Bq kg^−1)
	^226Ra	^232Th	^40K
Agricultural soil samples
S-A1	67.05 ± 4.07	121.56 ± 8.35	357.64 ± 12.03	118.76	0.145	394.7	0.724	0.9
S-A2	166.55 ± 6.66	180.45 ± 3.15	513.34 ± 1.61	207.34	0.254	819.86	1.252	1.62
S-A3	114.92 ± 4.60	150.61 ± 2.44	401.26 ± 16.05	160.79	0.197	669.26	0.974	1.26
S-A4	77.47 ± 1.90	95.83 ± 1.18	203.09 ± 6.63	102.14	0.125	275.05	0.621	0.8
S-A5	90.94 ± 3.36	112.29 ± 1.8	330.93 ± 11.53	123.63	0.151	506.33	0.746	0.97
S-A6	77.97 ± 3.12	95.55 ± 1.96	202.2 ± 11.72	102.16	0.125	274.75	0.621	0.8
S-A7	85.06 ± 1.92	134.92 ± 2.02	305.73 ± 1.06	133.53	0.163	378.48	0.814	1
S-A8	102.42 ± 4.78	155.71 ± 2.6	219.63 ± 9.90	150.52	0.184	338.5	0.923	1
S-A9	104.48 ± 4.18	167.6 ± 0.4	236.76 ± 9.37	159.36	0.195	358.85	0.978	1.26
S-A10	115.91 ± 6.24	135.91 ± 2.74	529.17 ± 10.19	157.702	0.193	717.72	0.947	1.24
S-A11	58.93 ± 1.80	87.98 ± 1.35	263.32 ± 5.63	91.34	0.112	299.5	0.552	0.7
S-A12	87.68 ± 3.38	98.08 ± 3.24	351.53 ± 21.65	114.4	0.140	370.53	0.688	0.8
S-A13	140.94 ± 2.96	174.13 ± 2.63	206.96 ± 21.29	178.9	0.219	375.165	1.096	1.3
S-A14	110.6 ± 9.45	143.31 ± 8.89	523.92 ± 1.03	159.5	0.195	718.95	0.959	1.24
S-A15	130.4 ± 1.0	155.5 ± 1.1	242.7 ± 7.9	164.28	0.201	384.14	1.003	1.28
Virgin soil samples
S-V16	62.8 ± 1.4	75.2 ± 1.5	101.3 ± 13.5	78.65	0.096	173.13	0.481	0.6
S-V17	75.2 ± 1.4	80.4 ± 1.3	158.3 ± 15.3	89.90	0.110	231.66	0.545	0.7
S-V18	72.7 ± 1.6	104.7 ± 2.1	156.5 ± 9.0	103.34	0.126	283.22	0.631	0.6
S-V19	65.3 ± 1.4	67.3 ± 1.4	197.5 ± 13.4	79.05	0.096	246.3	0.477	0.6
S-V20	56.6 ± 1.2	77.7 ± 1.3	99.2 ± 12.1	78.06	0.095	166.4	0.473	0.6
S-V21	111.4 ± 1.3	120.2 ± 1.4	119.5 ± 14.0	129.04	0.158	255.09	0.789	1
S-V22	87.59 ± 3.90	94.2 ± 2.07	126.62 ± 8.64	120.63	0.147	225.6	0.626	0.6
S-V23	57.8 ± 1.3	63.2 ± 1.3	172.2 ± 9.6	72.05	0.088	217.57	0.434	0.5
S-V24	60.73 ± 2.43	70.71 ± 1.24	144.8 ± 5.45	76.80	0.094	273.34	0.467	0.6
S-V25	61.4 ± 1.4	65.3 ± 1.3	103.9 ± 7.5	72.13	0.088	169.48	0.438	0.5
S-V26	72.74 ± 5.13	127.35 ± 6.03	172.85 ± 7.71	117.72	0.144	260.6	0.722	0.7
S-V27	47.37 ± 1.9	51.83 ± 1.18	163.09 ± 6.63	59.98	0.073	195.23	0.362	0.4
S-V28	48.6 ± 1.92	105.73 ± 1.06	145.73 ± 1.06	92.38	0.113	206.27	0.569	0.5
S-V29	53.3 ± 1.2	88.2 ± 9.4	90.2 ± 9.4	81.65	0.100	160.68	0.502	0.6
S-V30	45.11 ± 2.44	58.91 ± 1.61	103.11 ± 13.16	60.71	0.074	149.83	0.370	0.4