Characterization of Cellulose Synthesis in Plant Cells

Table 1

Arabidopsis CesA mutants and their phenotypes.

Gene name	Mutant alleles	Phenotype	References
CesA1	rsw1-1 A549V; aegeus A903V; any1 D604N	Deficiency in cellulose content and number of TCs; Quinoxyphen resistant, modified cellulose crystallinity; Reduction in cellulose crystallinity and CSC velocity	[34]; [44]; [45]
CesA3	ixr1-1G998D; ixr1-2 T942	Isoxaben resistance	[42]
	cev1 G617E	Constitutive expression of JA and ethylene	[46]
	eli1-1 S301F; eli1-2 A522V	Reduced cellulose synthesis, activating lignification and defense responses	[47]
CesA4	irx5-1; irx5-2 W995stop; irx5- 3 Q263stop	Irregular xylem, defective cellulose biosynthesis, dwarf plants	[32]
	exi2 Y939stop	Vascular defect, cell expansion defect, collapsed xylem, small rosette leaves, reducing the cell expansion	[37]
CesA6	prc-19Y 275 STOP; prc1-4/5W 777 STOP; prc1-9K 7222 STOP; prc1-1/3Q 720 STOP	Stunted hypocotyl and roots; incomplete cell wall	[33]
	ixr2-1 R1064W	Resistance to isoxaben and semidominant allele	[43]
CesA7	irx3 W859stop; fra5 P557T; mur10-1 W444stop; mur10-2 H734Y	Irregular xylem and defective cellulose biosynthesis; Reduced fiber cell wall thickness and cellulose content; No deposition of secondary wall	[35]; [48]; [38]
	exi5 W954stop	Vascular defect, collapsed xylem, small rosette leaves, reducing the cell expansion	[37]
CesA8	irx1-1 D683N; irx1-2 S679L	Irregular collapsed xylem and defective cellulose biosynthesis	[36]
	fra6 R362K	Recessive allele	[48]
	lew2-1 W217stop; lew2-2 L792F	Leaf wilting, disruption of cellulose synthesis in SCW, increased tolerance to drought and osmotic stress	[39]
	exi1-1 splicing variant; exi1-2 G508E	Vascular defect, cell expansion defect, collapsed xylem defect, small rosette leaves	[37]