Etherification of Glycerol with Propylene or 1-Butene for Fuel Additives
Table 1
Product distribution for the etherification of glycerol with propylene on Amberlyst-15, S-200, and S-100 catalysts [glycerol : propylene = 1 : 4, catalyst 10 wt% based on glycerol, at 100°C].
Time (h)
Conversion (%)
Selectivity (%)
Amb-15
S-200
S-100
Amb-15
S-200
S-100
MPGEs
DPGEs
TPGE
MPGEs
DPGEs
TPGE
MPGEs
DPGEs
TPGE
8
59.54
0
0
43.89
6.40
9.25
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
77.06
17.53
5.77
46.95
4.83
25.28
15.19
2.34
0
5.77
0
0
24
100
21.74
17.36
24.99
20.84
54.17
14.43
6.25
1.06
12.71
4.65
0
40
100
56.27
42.14
19.82
5.57
74.60
38.25
0.91
17.11
30.74
0.43
10.97
48
100
58.43
57.11
0
0
100
42.80
0.88
14.75
42.35
0.73
14.03
72
—
72.43
69.92
—
—
—
51.61
6.07
14.75
45.27
2.88
21.77
Data are shown as the mean ± 3.08 SD derived from 3 independent samples.
