Research Article
Relationship between Angular Measurements and Facial Shape of Young Ivorians with Normal Dental Occlusion
Table 1
Description of landmarks.
| | Landmarks | Descriptions |
| | Trichion (Tr) | Midpoint of the forehead where it meets the hairline | | Glabella (G) | Most anterior midpoint of the forehead | | Nasion (N) | Concavity in the midline at the root of the nose | | Pronasale (Prn) | Tip of the nose | | Columella (Cm) | Lowest point under the nose | | Subnasale (Sn) | Point where the upper lip meets the columella | | Labiale superius (Ls) | Point indicating the midline cutaneo-mucous border of the upper lip | | Stomion (St) | Point where the closed lips meet | | Labiale inferius (Li) | Point indicating the midline cutaneo-mucous border of the lower lip | | Supramentale (Sm) | Deepest point of the sublabial sulcus | | Pogonion (Pog) | Tip of the chin | | Menton (Me) | Lowest point of the lower edge of the chin | | Cervical (C) | Point where the neck meets the underside of the chin | | Porion (Po) | Outermost point of the external auditory meatus | | Suborbital (Or) | Palpable outer edge of the orbit | | Endocanthion (En) | Inner corners of closed eyelids | | Exocanthion (Ex) | Outer corners of closed eyelids | | Zygion (Zy) | Most lateral points of the face, that is, outermost points of the outside contours of the zygomatic arches | | Gonion (Go) | Lateral meeting points of ramus and corpus between the rearmost point of the mandibular plane and the lowest point of the ramal plane (tang ramus) | | Cheilion (Ch) | Corners of the mouth | | Alae (Al) | Most lateral points of the nose |
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