Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Psychosocial Impact of Malocclusion in 12-Year-Old Hong Kong Children

Table 4

Associations between normative treatment need and sociodemographic factors.

Socio-demographic Factors	Normative Treatment Need
	IOTN-AC	IOTN-DHC	DAI	ICON	PAR
	10.9% (n=73)	47.8% (n=319)	30.6% (n=204)	37.9% (n=253)	11.4% (n=76)
Gender
Male: 50.8% (n = 339)
Female: 49.2% (n = 328)
p-value	0.356	0.015	0.033	0.194	0.054
Confidence interval	0.477-1.305	0.485-0.924	0.482-0.970	0.899-1.694	0.992-2.655
Education
College: 21.0% (n = 140)
Below college: 79.0% (n = 527)
p-value	0.953	0.020	0.153	0.636	0.022
Confidence interval	0.572-1.694	0.461-0.935	0.509-1.112	0.651-1.300	0.303-0.911
Income
>20000: 43.3% (n = 289) ≤20000:
56.7% (n = 378)
p-value	0.131	0.198	0.828	0.739	0.662
Confidence interval	0.883-2.597	0.891-1.748	0.666-1.384	0.675-1.322	0.552-1.459

p < 0.05.