Cancer as an Embryological Phenomenon and Its Developmental Pathways: A Hypothesis regarding the Contribution of the Noncanonical Wnt Pathway

Figure 2

Human gastrulation and Kaiso. During gastrulation, ectodermal cells at the primitive streak undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a result of signals produced by the Spemann organizer or internal determinants. Also during this process the epiblast cells, in response to these signals, translocate Kaiso to the cytoplasmic compartment () and thus these cells ingress through the primitive streak and migrate into the underlying tissue. In a second critical moment, the delaminating cells translocate Kaiso to the nuclear compartment () and will form the primary mesoderm or will undergo mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) establishing the endoderm. Adapted from [1].