The Scientific World Journal

Review Article

Effects of Therapy with Light Emitting Diode (LED) in the Calcaneal Tendon Lesions of Rats: A Literature Review

Table 1

Articles included in the review, organized in chronological order of publication: authors, years, type of lesion, lesion area, LED parameters, irradiation form, number of sessions, moment of sessions, type of analysis, time of analysis, and results.


Authors/Year	Type of lesion	LED Parameters	Irradiation form	N. of sessions	Moment of sessions	Type of analysis	Time of analysis (days)	Results

Bastos; Lizarelli; Parizotto (2009) [14]	Partial tenotomy	(nm) 880 and 630 P (W): 0.025 Beam area (cm²): 0.28 T (s): NI ED (J/cm²): 6 E (J): NI PD(W/cm²):NI	NI	5 and 10	Every 24 hours	HM	NI	After 5 days: ↑ proliferation of fibroblasts. After 10 days: ↑ alignment and organization of collagen fibers.

Casalechi (2009) [23]	Tenotomy	(nm) 640 P (W): 0.1 Beam area (cm²): 0.5 T (s): 120 ED (J/cm²): 20 E (J): NI PD (W/cm²): NI	90° contact	6.13 and 20	Beginning 1h after tenotomy and repetition every 24h	HM	NI	↓ inflammatory cells ↓remodeling; ↑ organization of collagen fibers.

Xavier et al (2010) [24]	Tendinitis	(nm) 880 P (W): 0.022 Beam area(cm²): 0.5 T (s): 170 D/E (J/cm²): 7.5 E (J): NI PD(W/cm²): NI	90° contact	4 and 7	Beginning 12h after lesion and repetition every 48h	HM and CRP	NI	↑ inflammatory cells; re-organization of collagen fibers; ↓ mRNA, IL-6 and TNF-a expression.

Silva; Carvalho; Moura Júnior (2011) [25]	Tendinitis	(nm) 640 P (W): 0.03 Beam area (cm²): 0.5 T (s): 120 ED (J/cm²): 4 E (J): NI PD(W/cm²): NI	90° contact	6 and 13	Every 24 hours	HT and HM	NI	After 7 and 14 days: ↑ fibroblasts when compared to groups with tendinitis; Lack of significant result between groups of treated and healthy rats Without re-construction of the normal structure of the tendon in all animals.

Parente et al (2013) [13]	Tendinopathy	(nm): 640 P (W): 0.096 Beam area (cm²): 3.3 T (s): 70 ED (J/cm²): 2.04 E (J): NI PD(W/cm²): NI	NC	3 and 10	Beginning 12h after lesion and repetition every 48h	HT	NI	TEND groups after 7 and 21 days: ↑ inflammatory cells ↑disorganization of collagen fibers. LED groups after 7 and 21 days: amount of cells and organization of collagen fibers similar to control groups. DROG groups 7 and 21 days: number of cells similar to TEND groups with ↑ organization of collagen fibers.

Xavier et al(2014) [26]	Tendinitis	(nm): 880 P (W): 0.02 Beam area (cm²): 0.5 T (s): 170 D/E (J/cm²): 7.5 E (J): NI PD(W/cm²): NI	NC	4 e 7	Beginning 12h after lesion and repetition every 48h	CRP	NI	After 7 days: ↑ IL -10. After 7 and 14 days: ↑ types I and III collagen

Helrigle et al (2015) [27]	Tendinopathy	(nm): 945 P (W): 0,032 Beam area (cm²): 1 T (s): 120 ED (J/cm²): 3.84 E (J): 3.84 PD(W/cm²): 0,032	90° contact	2, 4 and 7	Beginning 12h after trauma and repetition every 48h	Immunoenzymatic test (ELISA)	NI	After 7 and 14 days: ↓ IL-6 and TNF-α, ↑ IL-10; ↓ inflammatory effects.

Moura Júnior et al (2015) [28]	Tenotomy	(nm) 625 e 945 P (W): 0.033 Beam area (cm²): 0.5 T (s): 60 ED (J/cm²): 4 E (J): 2 PD(W/cm²): 0.5	90° contact	6 and 13	Beginning 24h after surgery	HT, HM and RS	NI	LED 945 groups after 7 days: ↓ inflammatory cells; ↑ type-III collagen (Raman); LED 625 groups after 7 days: no significant difference of the control group; ↑synthesis of type-I collagen (Raman).

: wavelength, ED: energy density, E: energy, PD: power density, T: time, NI: no information, CRP: C-reactive protein, HT: histological analysis, HM: histomorphometric analysis, and RS: Raman spectroscopy.