Research Article
Risk Factors Associated with Neonatal Sepsis: A Case Study at a Specialist Hospital in Ghana
Table 2
Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of maternal risk factors of neonatal sepsis.
| | Variables | Cases | Controls | Total | Chi-square | p value | COR (95 CI) | AOR (95 CI) | | n=103 (11.4) | n=797 (88.6 ) | n=900 (100) |
| | Maternal age | | | | 0.517 | 0.915 | | | | <20 | 7 (6.8) | 49 (6.1) | 56 (6.2) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | 20-29 | 62 (60.2) | 460 (57.7) | 522 (58.0) | | | 1.06 0.460–2.443 | 0.54 0.165–1.794 | | 30-39 | 33 (32.0) | 276 (34.6) | 309 (34.3) | | | 1.19 0.50–2.853 | 0.59 0.156–2.240 | | 40+ | 1 (1.0) | 12 (1.5) | 13 (1.4) | | | 1.71 0.19–2.853 | 0.94 0.072–12.506 | | Educational level | | | | 1.758 | 0.624 | | | | None | 15 (14.6) | 96 (12.0) | 111 (12.3) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | Primary/JHS | 50 (48.5) | 391 (49.1) | 441 (49.0) | | | 1.22 0.658–2.268 | 0.54 0.240–1.213 | | SHS | 23 (22.3) | 158 (19.8) | 181 (20.1) | | | 1.07 0.534–2.158 | 0.50 0.201–1.248 | | Tertiary | 15 (14.6) | 152 (19.1) | 167 (18.6) | | | 1.58 0.741–3.385 | 0.74 0.228–2.410 | | Parity | | | | 9.184 | <0.027 | | | | 1 | 40 (48.6) | 448 (56.2) | 498 (55.3) | | | 1.898 1.050–4.498) | 0.16 0.070–0.393 | | 2 | 30 (29.1) | 177 (22.2) | 207 (23.0) | | | 0.890 0.512–1.547 | 0.05 0.016–0.173 | | 3+ | 23 (22.3) | 172 (21.6) | 195 (21.7) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | Mode of delivery | | | | 24.823 | <0.001 | | | | SVD | 35 (34.0) | 472 (59.2) | 507 (56.3) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | Instrumental | 1 (1.0) | 5 (0.6) | 6 (0.7) | | | 0.37 0.042–3.261 | 0.35 0.036–3.453 | | CS | 67 (65.0) | 316 (39.6) | 383 (42.6) | | | 0.35 0.227–2.539 | 0.14 0.087–0.244 | | Vacuum | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.5) | 4 (0.4) | | | 0.44 0.382–3.914 | 0.23 0.053–0.319 | | Visited health facility for ANC | | | | 3.096 | 0.079 | | | | Yes | 86 (83.5) | 712 (89.3) | 798 (88.7) | | | 0.60 0.343–1.064 | 0.46 0.225–0.960) | | No | 17 (16.5) | 85 (10.7) | 102 (11.3) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | Hypertensive disorder | | | | 0.025 | 0.875 | | | | Yes | 9 (8.7) | 66 (8.3) | 75 (8.3) | | | 1.0 0.5126–2.198 | 0.596 0.248–1.433 | | No | 94 (91.3) | 731 (91.7) | 825 (91.7) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | Bleeding disorder | | | | 19.195 | <0.001 | | | | Yes | 3 (2.9) | 166 (20.8) | 169 (18.8) | | | 8.769 2.746–28.004 | 0.07 0.020–0.252 | | No | 100 (97.1) | 631 (79.2) | 731 (81.2) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | UTI/STI | | | | 0.15 | 0.901 | | | | Yes | 4 (3.9) | 29 (3.6) | 33 (3.7) | | | 1.07 0.368–3.107 | 0.85 0.254–2.899 | | No | 99 (96.1) | 768 (96.4) | 867 (96.3) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | PROM | | | | 10.774 | <0.001 | | | | Yes | 3 (2.9) | 116 (14.6) | 119 (13.2) | | | 5.677 0.055–0.565 | 0.34 0.087–1.399 | | No | 100 (97.1) | 681 (85.4) | 781 (86.8) | | | Ref. | Ref. |
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