Research Article
Risk Factors Associated with Neonatal Sepsis: A Case Study at a Specialist Hospital in Ghana
Table 3
Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis on neonatal risk factors of sepsis.
| | Variable | Cases | Controls | Total | Chi-square | p value | COR (95CI) | AOR (95CI) | | n=103 (11.4) | n=797 (88.6 ) | n=900 (100) |
| | Gestational age (in weeks) | | | | 20.109 | <0.056 | | | | <37 | 25 (24.3) | 77 (9.7) | 102 (11.3) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | 37-42 | 74 (71.8) | 662 (83.1) | 736 (81.8) | | | 2.90 (1.742–4.842 | 1.70 0.851–3.408 | | >42 | 4 (3.9) | 58 (7.3) | 62 (6.9) | | | 4.70 1.553–14.273 | 4.89 1.367–17.526 | | Birth weight (kg) | | | | 9.571 | 0.078 | | | | <1.5 kg | 11 (10.7) | 36 (4.5) | 47 (5.2) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | 1.51 kg - 2.5 kg | 12 (11.7) | 154 (19.3) | 166 (18.4) | | | 3.92 1.602–9.597 | 2.15 0.697–6.672 | | >2.5 kg | 80 (77.7) | 607 (76.2) | 687 (76.3) | | | 2.31 1.135–4.736 | 0.83 0.305–2.259 | | Neonate sex | | | | 1.258 | 0.262 | | | | Male | 58 (56.3) | 402 (50.4) | 460 (51.1) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | Female | 45 (43.7) | 395 (49.6) | 440 (48.9) | | | 0.79 0.522–1.194 | 1.17 0.718–1.933 | | APGAR score in the first minute | | | | 11.841 | <0.001 | | | | <7 | 47 (45.6) | 231 (29.0) | 278 (30.9) | | | 2.05 1.355–3.120 | 1.42 0.790–2.551 | | ≥7 | 56 (54.4) | 566 (71.0) | 622 (69.1) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | APGAR score in the fifth minute | | | | 13.730 | <0.001 | | | | <7 | 29 (28.2) | 112 (14.1) | 141 (15.7) | | | 2.39 1.493–3.849 | 1.89 0.925–3.896 | | ≥7 | 74 (71.8) | 685 (85.9) | 759 (84.3) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | Resuscitation at birth | | | | 0.341 | <0.004 | | | | Yes | 14 (13.6) | 126 (15.8) | 140 (15.6) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | No | 89 (86.4) | 671 (84.2) | 760 (84.4) | | | 0.87 10.485–1.563 | 0.44 0.177–1.099 | | Crying immediately after birth | | | | 0.215 | 0.643 | | | | Yes | 88 (85.4) | 694 (87.1) | 782 (86.9) | | | 0.83 0.462–1.518 | 0.92 0.380–2.264 | | No | 15 (14.6) | 103 (12.9) | 118 (13.1) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | Duration of stay | | | | 70.991 | <0.001 | | | | <1 week | 80 (77.7) | 753 (94.5) | 833 (92.6) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | 2 weeks | 8 (7.8) | 34 (4.3) | 42 (4.7) | | | 0.45 0.202–1.009 | 0.64 0.243–1.687 | | 3 weeks | 5 (4.9) | 7 (0.9) | 12 (1.3) | | | 0.14 0.046–0.479 | 0.16 0.025–1.142 | | > 3 weeks | 10 (9.7) | 3 (0.4) | 13 (1.4) | | | 0.03 0.009–0.118 | 0.03 0.007–0.179 | | Neonate age | | | | 21.417 | <0.001 | | | | <3 | 56 (54.4) | 255 (32.0) | 311 (34.6) | | | Ref. | Ref. | | 4-7 | 25 (24.3) | 247 (31.0) | 272 (30.2) | | | 2.170 1.312–3.588 | 1.17 0.647–2.133 | | 8-11 | 14 (13.6) | 164 (20.6) | 178 (19.8) | | | 2.573 1.387–4.771 | 2.50 1.193–5.237 | | 12-15 | 4 (3.9) | 78 (9.8) | 82 (9.1) | | | 2.910 1.012–8.371 | 2.67 0.817–8.743 | | >16 | 4 (3.9) | 78 (9.8) | 82 (9.1) | | | 4.282 1.505–12.184 | 13.28 3.356–52.589 |
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