Review Article
Helicobacter pylori Oncogenicity: Mechanism, Prevention, and Risk Factors
Table 1
Major virulence factors of H. pylori and their biochemical effects in pathogenesis.
| Virulence factor | Potential biochemical effect | References |
| Colonizing factors | Urease | Neutralizes stomach acid and urease-medicated activation of neutrophils and platelets causes gastric inflammation | [35] | Flagella | Enables the bacterium to move toward gastric epithelium cells and leads to colonization and persistent infection | [36] | Chemotaxis mechanism | Enables biofilm formation to induce oncogenic process and development of antibiotic resistance | [37] |
| Cell-surface proteins (adhesins) | BabA | Mediates attachment to the gastric epithelial cells and induces DNA double-strand breaks | [38] | SabA | Mediates bacterial attachment and colonization | [39] | OipA | Damages gastric mucosal membrane and causes cellular apoptosis | [40, 41] |
| Pathogenicity factors | CagA | Enhances cellular proliferation and IL-8 expression | [42, 43] | VacA | Induces cytoplasmic vacuole formation and causes cellular apoptosis | [44] | HtrA | Helps in delivery of CagA | [45] |
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