Research Article
E-Cigarette Quality Control: Impurity and Nicotine Level Analysis in Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquids
Table 2
Comparison of labeled and determined nicotine concentrations in 32 commercial liquids of e-cigarette (n = 32).
| Sample | Country origin | Liquid flavor | Labeled nicotine concentration (mg/mL) | Founded nicotine concentration (mg/mL) mean ± SD (n = 3) | Relative difference (%) | Significant difference () |
| S1 | USA | Tobacco | 6 | 3.8 | −36.67 | Yes | S2 | USA | Cookies | 12 | 11.2 | −6.67 | Yes | S3 | USA | Cherry | 3 | 0 | −100.00 | Yes | S4 | France | Blueberry | 6 | 5.94 | −1.00 | No | S5 | France | Strawberry | 12 | 11.75 | −2.08 | No | S6 | France | Mint | 12 | 9.3 | −22.50 | Yes | S7 | Spain | Fruit juice | 3 | 2.91 | −3.00 | No | S8 | France | Apple mint | 6 | 5.4 | −10.00 | Yes | S9 | USA | Honey | 3 | 0 | −100.00 | Yes | S10 | Germany | Strawberry | 6 | 3.7 | −38.33 | Yes | S11 | France | Coffee | 12 | 4.1 | −65.83 | Yes | S12 | USA | Green apple | 6 | 5.9 | −1.67 | No | S13 | France | Raspberry | 6 | 2.2 | −63.33 | Yes | S14 | USA | Strawberry | 24 | 20.5 | −14.58 | Yes | S15 | — | Mint | 3 | 0.3 | −90.00 | Yes | S16 | France | Tobacco | 6 | 5.92 | −1.33 | No | S17 | Spain | Honey | 3 | 3.1 | 3.33 | No | S18 | — | Strawberry | 6 | 1.6 | −73.33 | Yes | S19 | France | Cherry | 11 | 10.9 | −0.91 | No | S20 | USA | Menthol | 12 | 11.1 | −7.50 | Yes | S21 | China | Banana | 6 | 5.8 | −3.33 | No | S22 | UK | Tobacco | 3 | 0.2 | −93.33 | Yes | S23 | France | Orange | 12 | 9.1 | −24.17 | Yes | S24 | China | Cookies | 6 | 2.3 | −61.67 | Yes | S25 | USA | Orange | 11 | 10.5 | −4.55 | No | S26 | USA | Blueberry | 3 | 2.96 | −1.33 | No | S27 | Germany | Strawberry | 12 | 8.9 | −25.83 | Yes | S28 | Belgium | Tobacco | 6 | 5.5 | −8.33 | Yes | S29 | China | Fruit juice | 3 | 2.2 | −26.67 | Yes | S30 | France | Green tea | 6 | 5.6 | −6.67 | Yes | S31 | China | Honey | 3 | 2.1 | −30.00 | Yes | S32 | USA | Tobacco | 6 | 5.2 | −13.33 | Yes |
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Statistical significant difference ( ) between mentioned and detected nicotine level by t-test. |