The Efficacy of Processing Strategies on the Gastroprotective Potentiality of Chenopodium quinoa Seeds

Figure 3

Effect of QP, QG, QB, and QF on the macroscopic status of the rats’ stomachs. (a) Normal stomach. (b) Stomach treated with absolute EtOH at dose of 5 mL/kg showing severe haemorrhagic stripped lesions along the ridges of mucosa (white arrow). (c) Stomach treated with omeprazole (20 mg/kg) showing significant reduction in the lesioned strips. (d) Stomach treated with QP (quinoa seeds cooked under high pressure, 200 mg/kg) showing moderated ulcer lesions. (e) Stomach treated with QG (first stage-germinated quinoa seeds, 200 mg/kg) showing mild ulcerated strips. (f) Stomach treated with QB (quinoa seeds fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria, 200 mg/kg) and (g) stomach treated with QF (quinoa seeds fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus fungus, 200 mg/kg) showing clear reduction in lesion areas of the stomachs.

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