Violence against Health-Care Workers in Governmental Health Facilities in Arar City, Saudi Arabia

Table 1

Violence against studied health-care workers in relation to their demographic and occupational characteristics.

Characteristic	Total N (n = 352)	Violence (n = 171)	value	Odds ratio	95% CI
		N (%)
Gender
Female	219	100 (45.7)	0.187	1^r	—
Male	133	71 (53.4)		1.36	(0.88–2.099)
Age
<30	114	37 (32.5)		1^r	—
30–39	134	59 (44.0)	0.06	1.64	(0.97–2.75)
40–49	76	54 (71.1)	<.0001	5.11	(2.7–9.6)
50+	28	21 (75.0)	<.0001	6.24	(2.43–15.9)
Marital status
Single	54	28 (51.9)		1^r	—
Married	267	118 (44.2)	0.3	0.74	(0.41–1.32)
Divorced, separated, and widowed	31	25 (80.6)	0.008	3.87	(1.37–10.93)
Nationality
Saudi	216	84 (39.4)	<.0001	1^r	—
Non-Saudi	136	87 (64.0)		2.79	(1.79–4.35)
Health facility
PHC	156	52 (33.3)	<.0001	1^r	—
Hospital	196	119 (60.7)		3.09	(1.99–4.79)
Department
Outpatient	241	114 (47.3)		1^r	—
Inpatient	76	31 (40.8)	0.32	0.77	(0.455–1.29)
ER	36	26 (74.3)	0.002	3.22	(1.45–7.16)
Professional category
Physician	122	72 (59.0)	0.06	1.77	(0.97–3.20)
Nurse	161	68 (42.2)	0.71	0.89	(0.51–1.58)
Others	69	31 (44.9)		1^r	—
Years of experience
<5	86	33 (38.4)		1^r	—
5-<10	131	57 (43.5)	0.45	1.24	(0.71–2.16)
10+	135	81 (60.0)	0.002	2.41	(1.38–4.19)
Shift type
No shift	265	106 (40.0)		1^r	—
Evening shift	51	34 (66.7)	0.001	3.0	(1.59–5.64)
Night shift	36	31 (86.1)	<.0001	9.3	(3.50–24.68)

CI: confidence interval; r: reference category.