Treadmill Exercise Training Ameliorates Functional and Structural Age-Associated Kidney Changes in Male Albino Rats

Figure 8

Representative immunostained renal sections of the different groups under study (N = 10/group) showing upregulation of desmin (a-b), immunoreactivity with downregulation of VEGF (d-e), aquaporin-3 (g-h), and beclin-1 (j-k) immunoreactivity in the sedentary aged (aged-S) group compared with the control. Exercised aged rats revealing downregulation of desmin (c), immunoreactivity with upregulation of VEGF (f), aquaporin-3 (i), and beclin-1 (l) immunoreactivity compared with the aged-S group. The inserts indicate a positive reaction (40x, scale bar = 20 µm). N = number of rats.