Internet Addiction Effect on Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Data extraction results from studies.

Author/year	Country	Study population	Age mean (SD)	Sample size	QOL instrument	IA instrument
Fatehi et al. (2016)	Iran	7–4-year medical students	22.57 ± 1.2	174	WHOQOL-BREF	IAT
Li et al. (2018)	China	High school students	15.1 ± 1.9	1385	WHOQOL-BREF	IAT
Chern et al. (2018)	Taiwan	Students	20.51 ± 1.8	1452	HRQOL	IAT
Gupta et al. (2016)	India	Adolescent (18–23 years)	—	60	WHOQOL-BREF	IAT
Geisel et al. (2015)	USA, UK, Canada	Adult social network gamers	38:9 ± 13.4	370	WHOQOL-BREF	IAT
Kamal Solati (2018)	Iran	Students of Islamic Azad university	—	381	WHOQOL-BREF	IAT
Li et al. (2020)	China	University students	20.3 ± 1.6	2312	WHOQOL-BREF	The mobile phone addiction scale (MPAS)
Kelley and Gruber (2013)	USA	Undergraduate students (18 to 39 years old)	19.6 ± 2.96	133	SF-36v2 health survey	Problematic internet use questionnaire (PIUQ)
Gupta et al. (2018)	India	Adolescent (18–23 years old)	—	23	WHOQOL-BREF	IAT
Gao et al. (2020)	Germany	College students and highly educated adults.	25.8 ± 11.6	446	WHOQOL	ISS-10 (short version of the ISS-20)
Tabak and Zawadzka (2017)	Polish	Students	16.04 ± 0.9	376	KIDSCREEN-10 index	YDQ (8 items)
Tran et al. (2017)	Vietnamese	Young (15–25 years old)	21.5 ± 3.8	566	EuroQol	IAT
Tran et al. (2017)	Vietnamese	young (15–25 years old)	21.7 ± 1.7	586	EuroQol	IAT
Buctot et al. (2020)	Filipino	Adolescents (13–18 years old)	15.22 ± 1.61	1447	KIDSCREEN-27	Smartphone addiction scale short version (SAS-SV)
Gao et al. (2017)	Chine	University students	20.50 ± 1.4	722	WHOQOL-BREF	Mobile phone addiction scale (MPAS)
Paolo Soraci et al. (2020)	Italian	Online survey via Google forms	33.8 ± 16.2; 18–99 years	205	Quality of life measure	Smartphone application based addiction scale (SABAS)
Karacic et al. (2017)	Germany	Students of primary and high school	11–18 years	149	SF-36	I IAT
Silvana Karacic et al. (2017)	Croatian	Students of primary and high school	11–18 years	310	SF-36	I IAT