Association between Attitude towards Wife Beating and Childhood Diarrhea: A Demographic and Health Survey-Based Study in 25 Sub-Saharan African Countries
Table 3
Association between wife beating attitude and childhood diarrhea among married women: evidence from 25 SSA countries.
Variables
cOR (95% CI)
value
aOR (95% CI)
value
Women are empowered
No
Ref
Ref
Yes
0.65 (0.53–0.78)
<0.001
0.66 (0.54–0.80)
0.001
Control variables
Age in years
15–19
Ref
Ref
20–24
1.32 (0.97–1.80)
0.074
1.21 (0.89–1.64)
0.218
25–29
1.10 (0.80–1.51)
0.530
0.86 (0.61–1.23)
0.434
30–34
0.94 (0.64–1.40)
0.793
0.68 (0.44–1.04)
0.076
35–39
0.72 (0.49–1.07)
0.111
0.48 (0.31–0.74)
0.001
40–44
0.85 (0.55–1.33)
0.498
0.57 (0.35–0.93)
0.024
45–49
0.53 (0.25–1.12)
0.097
0.35 (0.16–0.79)
0.012
Women’s educational level
No formal education
Ref
Primary school
1.07 (0.85–1.35)
0.511
NA
NA
Secondary school
0.98 (0.78–1.23)
0.902
NA
NA
Higher
0.57 (0.21–1.57)
0.282
NA
NA
Husband educational level
No formal education
Ref
Ref
Primary school
1.47 (1.13–1.89)
0.003
1.36 (1.05–1.77)
0.020
Secondary school
1.28 (1.03–1.57)
0.020
1.19 (0.95–1.49)
0.118
Higher
1.23 (0.76–1.99)
0.385
1.33 (0.80–2.22)
0.257
Women’s occupation
Not working
Ref
Ref
Professional/technical/managerial
1.01 (0.60–1.70)
0.955
1.28 (0.77–2.13)
0.324
Agricultural
1.17 (0.92–1.47)
0.182
1.22 (0.94–1.60)
0.129
Manual
1.33 (0.80–2.21)
0.270
1.35 (0.81–2.25)
0.237
Others
1.25 (0.96–1.63)
0.096
1.30 (1.00–1.70)
0.046
Wealth index
Poorest
Ref
Poorer
1.17 (0.91–1.49)
0.201
NA
NA
Middle
1.10 (0.86–1.43)
0.419
NA
NA
Richer
1.08 (0.78–1.49)
0.613
NA
NA
Richest
0.97 (0.69–1.34)
0.861
NA
NA
Media exposure
No
Ref
Ref
Yes
1.19 (0.98–1.43)
0.065
1.25 (0.99–1.57)
0.057
Place of residence
Urban
Ref
Rural
1.02 (0.83–1.25)
0.821
NA
NA
Parity
≤2
Ref
Ref
3-4
1.18 (0.98–1.43)
0.075
1.36 (1.09–1.70)
0.006
5+
0.97 (0.75–1.25)
0.829
1.56 (1.14–2.12)
0.005
Decision making
No
Ref
Ref
Yes
0.81 (0.66–1.00)
0.052
0.83 (0.68–1.01)
0.077
Barriers to healthcare access
No
Ref
Yes
1.04 (0.84–1.29)
0.663
NA
NA
Religion
Christian
Ref
Ref
Muslim
3.25 (1.37–7.67)
0.007
3.56 (1.44–8.83)
0.006
Others
0.86 (0.58–1.26)
0.458
0.89 (0.60–1.32)
0.578
cOR: crude odd ratio, aOR: adjusted odd ratio, Ref: reference, and NA: not included variable due to being not significant at bivariate logistic regression. Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.
