Comparative Utilization of Dead and Live Fungal Biomass for the Removal of Heavy Metal: A Concise Review

Table 3

Comparison of some live and dead fungal biomass for heavy metal removal using optimal experimental conditions.

Fungal species	Heavy metal	Biomass type	Optimum parameters						Adsorption capacity (mg/g)	References
			pH	Initial concentration (mg/L)	Temperature (°C)	Bisorbent dose (mg/L)	Agitation speed (rpm)	Contact time (min)
Streptomyces ciscaucasicus	Zn (II)	Live	5	150	28	2000	90	480	42.75	[37]
		Dead	5	150	28	2000	90	480	54
Pleurotus ostreatus	Cr (VI)	Live	5.6	—	28 + 2	169.84	—	648000	—	[1]
		Dead	5.6	—	28 + 2	368.21	—	22	—
Pleurotus ostreatus	Cd (II)	Dead	6	10	26 ± 1	500	125	10	—	[47]
Mucor rouxii	Pb (II)	Live	5	10	—	50	—	420	35.69	[48]
		Dead	6	10	—	50	125	300	53.75
Trametes versicolor	Cd (II)	Live	5.5	600	25	25	400	60	102.3 ± 3.2	[49]
		Dead	5.5	600	25	25	400	60	120.6 ± 3.8
Aspergillus fumigatus	Pb (II)	Live	5	250	28 ± 1	150	150	300	21.579	[50]
		Dead	5	10	28 ± 1	0.04	150	280	3.651
	Cd (II)	Live	5	250	28 ± 1	—	150	300	6.286
		Dead	5	10	28 ± 1	0.04	150	280	0.83
Rhizopus arrhizus	Ni (II)	Live	6	100	25	—	150	360	169.84	[51]
		Dead	6	100	25	0.5	150	360	368.21
Lentinus edodes	Hg (II)	Live	6	25–600	15–45	—	—	—	336.3 ± 3.7	[52]
		Dead	6	25–600	15–45	—	—	—	403.0 ± 2.9
	Cd (II)	Live	6	25–600	15–45	—	—	—	78.6 ± 2.6
		Dead	6	25–600	15–45	—	—	—	274.3 ± 3.6
	Zn (II)	Live	6	25–600	15–45	—	—	—	33.7 ± 1.6
		Dead	6	25–600	15–45	—	—	—	57.1 ± 1.1
Aspergillus niger	Pb (II)	Live	4	—	—	—	—	120	2.25	[34]
		Dead	4	—	—	—	—	120	7.24
	Cd (II)	Live	4	—	—	—	—	120	1.31
		Dead	4	—	—	—	—	120	3.43
	Cu (II)	Live	4	—	—	—	—	144	0.75
		Dead	4	—	—	—	—	144	2.66
	Ni (II)	Live	5	—	—	—	—	192	1.75
		Dead	5	—	—	—	—	192	0.96
Cladosporium resinae	Cd (II)	Live	—	50	28	—	120	2304	—	[14]
		Dead	—	50	28	—	120	672	—
Paecilomyces variotii	Cd (II)	Live	—	50	28	—	120	2304	—
		Dead	—	50	28	—	120	792	—