Soil Quality and Pomelo Productivity as Affected by Chicken Manure and Cow Dung

Table 2

Influence of animal manure on soil quality in the surface layer (mean value: 2018–2020).

Sites	Treatments	pHH2O (1 : 2.5)	EC (mS cm^−1)	SOM (%)	Exchangeable cations (meq 100g^−1)			BD (g cm^−3)	Ntot (g kg^−1)	Pavail (mg kg^−1)
					Ca^2+	K^+	Mg^2+
CT I	Control	5.12^c ± 0.17	0.71 ± 0.09	2.75^b ± 0.08	5.81^b ± 0.45	0.27 ± 0.05	2.20 ± 0.30	1.27^b ± 0.03	1.05^b ± 0.14	18.6^c ± 0.74
	CM	6.00^a ± 0.25	0.75 ± 0.07	3.34^a ± 0.26	6.50^a ± 0.30	0.32 ± 0.07	2.84 ± 0.55	1.13^a ± 0.07	1.47^a ± 0.21	24.3^b ± 3.10
	CD	5.75^b ± 0.15	0.77 ± 0.10	3.24^a ± 0.25	6.48^a ± 0.17	0.29 ± 0.09	2.96 ± 1.00	1.18^a ± 0.05	1.56^a ± 0.12	24.8^a ± 1.75
	Pvalue		ns			ns	ns
CT II	Control	4.20^c ± 0.13	0.76 ± 0.07	3.40^c ± 0.24	5.78^b ± 0.28	0.40 ± 0.09	3.32 ± 0.13	1.24^c ± 0.03	1.56^b ± 0.13	25.1^b ± 1.15
	CM	4.91^b ± 0.15	0.71 ± 0.10	3.97^b ± 0.19	6.22^a ± 0.70	0.44 ± 0.06	3.97 ± 0.50	1.12^b ± 0.05	2.13^a ± 0.21	32.6^a ± 1.97
	CD	5.14^a ± 0.30	0.70 ± 0.05	4.18^a ± 0.11	6.52^a ± 0.23	0.37 ± 0.07	3.82 ± 0.89	1.05^a ± 0.07	2.19^a ± 0.08	33.7^a ± 3.34
	Pvalue		ns			ns	ns
CT III	Control	4.66^c ± 0.27	0.73 ± 0.06	3.23^c ± 0.23	6.55^b ± 0.36	0.36 ± 0.06	3.05^b ± 0.32	1.21^c ± 0.03	1.54^b ± 0.08	29.8^c ± 4.34
	CM	5.56^a ± 0.24	0.69 ± 0.09	3.81^b ± 0.19	7.10^a ± 0.46	0.36 ± 0.06	3.81^a ± 0.18	1.14^b ± 0.02	2.18^a ± 0.13	35.9^b ± 3.54
	CD	5.24^b ± 0.19	0.69 ± 0.06	4.03^a ± 0.18	7.14^a ± 0.15	0.39 ± 0.06	3.73^a ± 0.21	1.10^a ± 0.06	2.11^a ± 0.22	38.5^a ± 3.06
	Pvalue		ns			ns

The different letters indicate the significant differences among treatments at  < 0.01 () and  < 0.001 (); ns: not significant; CM: chicken manure applied at 10 mg per year; CD: cow dung applied at 10 mg per year. CT I, CT II, and CT III are the study locations.