Influences of Agrochemicals on Health and Ecology in Vietnamese Mango Cultivation

Table 1

Definition of symbols and ratings for each toxicity category.

Variables	Symbol	Score 1	Score 3	Score 5
(1) Long-term health effects (chronic)	C	Little–none	Possible	Definite
(2) Dermal toxicity (rat LD50)	DT	>2000 mg/kg	200–2000 mg/kg	0–200 mg/kg
(3) Bird toxicity (8-day LC50)	D	>1000 ppm	100–1000 ppm	1–100 ppm
(4) Bee toxicity	Z	Nontoxic	Moderately toxic	Highly toxic
(5) Beneficial arthropod toxicity	B	Low impact	Moderate	Severe impact
(6) Fish toxicity (96 h LC50)	F	>10 ppm	1–10 ppm	<1 ppm
(7) Plant surface half-life	S	1-2 weeks	2–4 weeks	>4 weeks
(8) Soil residue half-life (TI/2)	P	<30 days	30–100 days	>100 days
(9) Mode of action	SY	Nonsystem	Systemic
(10) Leaching potential	L	Small	Medium	Large
(11) Surface runoff potential	R	Small	Medium	Large

Source: [20, 21].