Spiritual Well-Being and Associated Factors in End-Stage Renal Disease

Table 1

Characteristics of the sample (n = 367).

Characteristics		%
Gender
Male	228	62.1%
Female	139	37.9%
Age (years)
≤39	37	10.1%
40–59	113	30.8%
60–79	172	46.9%
≥80	45	12.3%
Mean ± SD	61.80 ± 15.11
Range	18–92
Place of residence
Rural area	64	17.4%
Suburban area	56	15.3%
Urban area	247	67.3%
Marital status
Unmarried	69	18.8%
Married	217	59.1%
Divorced	31	8.4%
Widowed	50	13.6%
Number of children
0	108	29.4%
1–2	189	51.5%
≥3	70	19.1%
Mean ± SD	1.57 ± 1.41
Range	0–10
Do you live alone?
Yes	86	23.4%
No	281	76.6%
Educational level
Some classes of elementary school	28	7.6%
Elementary school graduate	116	31.6%
High school graduate	160	43.6%
University graduate	63	17.2%
Professional status
Unemployed	37	10.1%
Household	36	9.8%
Self-employed	40	10.9%
Private employee	15	4.1%
Civil servant	15	4.1%
Retired	224	61.0%
Religion
Christian Orthodox	352	95.9%
Christian Catholic	0	0.0%
Muslim	6	1.6%
Other	9	2.5%
How religious are you?
0 = not at all	20	5.4%
1 = a little	37	10.1%
2 = somehow	100	27.2%
3 = much	139	37.9%
4 = very much	71	19.3%
How close do you feel to God?
0 = not at all	21	5.7%
1 = a little	40	10.9%
2 = somehow	102	27.8%
3 = much	128	34.9%
4 = very much	76	20.7%
Duration of dialysis (years)
1–5	231	62.9%
6–10	89	24.3%
11–15	25	6.8%
≥16	22	6.0%
Experiencing other health problems?
Yes	193	52.6%
No	174	47.4%
Current level of activity
0 = very bad (I cannot get out of bed)	14	3.8%
1 = bad (require bed rest for more than 50% of the day)	59	16.1%
2 = moderate (require bed rest for less than 50% of the day)	109	29.7%
3 = good (some symptoms, but I do not require bed rest during the day)	115	31.3%