Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Viral Infection in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Subgroup analysis of the anti-HCV pooled prevalence estimation in Ethiopia, 2020.

Predictor variables	Variable category	Included studies	ES (95% CI)	I^2 %	value
Study group	Blood donor	19	0.01 (0.01, 0.01)	95.96	≤0.001
	HIV positive	6	0.04 (0.02, 0.06)	74.13	≤0.001
	Pregnant women	8	0.02 (0.01, 0.05)	91.83	≤0.001
	Mixed groups	8	0.05 (0.02, 0.08)	93.76	≤0.001
	Others	15	0.03 (0.01, 0.06)	96.48	≤0.001
Risk of bias	Low	32	0.02 (0.01, 0.02)	95.88	≤0.001
	Moderate	16	0.03 (0.01, 0.04)	98.56	≤0.001
	High	9	0.05 (0.02, 0.09)	95.30	≤0.001
Region/city	Amhara	25	0.02 (0.01, 0.02)	97.67	≤0.001
	Oromia	6	0.02 (0.01, 0.04)	97.36	≤0.001
	SNNPR	9	0.03 (0.01, 0.05)	96.79	≤0.001
	Self-administrative city	7	0.05 (0.02, 0.09)	95.97	≤0.001
	Others	9	0.02 (0.01, 0.03)	97.96	≤0.001
Year of publication	2010–2012	3	0.02 (0.00, 0.09)	—	—
	2013–2015	16	0.03 (0.01, 0.06)	98.39	≤0.001
	2016–2020	37	0.02 (0.01, 0.02)	96.75	≤0.001
Sampling techniques	Probability	19	0.02 (0.01, 0.02)	92.22	≤0.001
	Entire sampling	23	0.02 (0.01, 0.02)	98.19	≤0.001
	Nonprobability	7	0.02 (0.02, 0.09)	97.55	≤0.001
	Not stated	7	0.05 (0.02, 0.09)	93.65	≤0.001
Diagnostic method	ELISA	37	0.02 (0.01, 0.02)	96.88	≤0.001
	RDT	19	0.03 (0.02, 0.06)	95.90	≤0.001

ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; RDT, rapid diagnostic test; SNNPR, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region.