Biopiracy: Abolish Corporate Hijacking of Indigenous Medicinal Entities

Table 1

Global biopiracy incidents with details.

Incident	Country of origin	Pirated country	Reference
Karawila (Momordica charantia)	South Asian countries including Sri Lanka	USA	[10]
Turmeric (Curcuma longa)	India	USA	[11]
Kothala Himbutu (Salacia reticulata)	Sri Lanka	Japan, USA, Europe	[12, 13]
Magul Karanda (Pogamia glabra)	Sri Lanka	Japan	[13]
Masbadda (Gymnema sylvestre)	Sri Lanka	Japan	[13]
Heen Bavila (Sida cordifolia)	Sri Lanka	Japan	[13]
Weniwalgeta (Coscinium fenestratum)	Sri Lanka	Japanese, European, and USA pharmaceutical manufacturers	[14]
Neem (Azadirachta indica)	India Nepal	EPO to US Department of Agriculture and the US-American firm W.R.	[15]
Enola Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)	Mexico	USA	[16]
Rubber seeds (Hevea brasiliensis)	Brazil	England	[17, 18]
Hoodia plant (Hoodia gordonii)	Southern Africa	CSIR gave patent to Phytopharm and Pfizer	[19]
Sacks of plant specimens	Philippine indigenous people	Philippine National Museum	[14]
Kakadu Plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana)	Australian Aboriginal people	USA	[3]
Aloe vera	Sri Lanka	USA	[13]