Viral Inactivation with Emphasis on SARS-CoV-2 Using Physical and Chemical Disinfectants

Table 2

Inactivation of viruses by different types of chemical disinfectants.

Disinfection	Concentration	Virus	Strain isolate	Contact time	Reduction of viral infectivity (log10)	Reference
Ethanol	95%	SARS-CoV	Isolate FFM-1	30 s	≥5.5	[23]
Ethanol	80%	MERS-CoV	Strain EMC	30 s	>4.0	[24]
Ethanol	70%	Poliovirus	Strain Sabin	1 min	2.1	[16]
Ethanol	70%	Adenovirus	Type 5	1 min	2.4	[16]
2-Propanol	100%	SARS-CoV-2	Isolate FFM-1	30 s	≥3.31	[23]
2-Propanol	70%	SARS-CoV-2	Isolate FFM-1	30 s	≥3.31	[23]
Desderman (78% ethanol)	78%	SARS-CoV-2	Isolate FFM-1	30 s	≥5.01	[23]
Sterillium (45% 2-propanol and 30% 1-propanol)	45% and 30%	SARS-CoV-2	Isolate FFM-1	30 s	≥2.78	[23]
Hydrogen peroxide	Vapor of unknown concentration	TGEV	Purdue strain type 1	2-3 h	4.9–5.3	[25]
Hydrogen peroxide	0.5%	HCoV	Strain 229E	1 min	>4.0	[26]
Hydrogen peroxide	0.5%	Influenza A virus	PR-8	1 min	>4.75	[26]
Hydrogen peroxide	0.5%	HCoV	Type 37	1 min	>4.25	[26]
Benzalkonium chloride	0.04%	HCoV	Strain 229E	1 min	<3.0	[27]
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride	0.0025%	CCV	Strain S378	3 d	>4.0	[28]
Sodium hypochlorite	2500 ppm	Poliovirus	Strain Sabin	10 min	4.5	[16]
Sodium hypochlorite	2500 ppm	Adenovirus	Type 5	10 min	ND	[16]
Sodium hypochlorite	10 ppm	CCV	SP-80 strain	10 min	0.9	[17]
Sodium hypochlorite	100 ppm	CCV	SP-80 strain	10 min	1.05	[17]
Sodium hypochlorite	0.5–0.6%	Ebola virus	—	10 min	1.1	[29]
Sodium hypochlorite	0.5%	HIV	—	1 min	≥7	[29]
Formaldehyde	0.7%	SARS-CoV	Isolate FFM-1	2 min	>3.01	[18]
Formaldehyde	1%	SARS-CoV	Isolate FFM-1	2 min	>3.01	[18]
Glutaraldehyde	0.5%	SARS-CoV	Isolate FFM-1	2 min	>4.01	[18]
Glutaraldehyde	2%	HCoV	Strain 229E	1 min	>3.0	[27]
Glucoprotamin	26%	SARS-CoV	Isolate FFM-1	2 min	>1.68	[27]
Magnesium monoperphthalate	0.5%	SARS-CoV	Isolate FFM-1	30 min	>4.5	[27]
PVP-I surgical scrub (7.5 g/L available iodine)	7.5 g/L	MERS-CoV	Isolate HCoV-EMC/2012	15 s	4.64	[30]
PVP-I skin cleanser (4 g/L available iodine)	4 g/L	MERS-CoV	Isolate HCoV-EMC/2012	15 s	4.97	[30]
PVP-I gargle and mouthwash (1 g/L available iodine)	1 g/L	MERS-CoV	Isolate HCoV-EMC/2012	15 s	4.30	[30]
Povidone-iodine	0.23%	SARS-CoV	Isolate FFM-1	15 s	4.60	[4]
Povidone-iodine	0.23%	MERS-CoV	Isolate HCoV-EMC/2012	15 s	4.40	[4]
Povidone-iodine	0.23%	Influenza virus A	H1N1	15 s	5.67	[4]

ND: not done; SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome; MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome; MHV: mouse hepatitis virus; CCV: canine coronavirus; HCoV: human coronavirus; TGEV: transmissible gastroenteritis virus.