Multiple Agricultural Production Efficiency in Horro District of Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia, Using Hierarchical-Based Cluster Data Envelopment Analysis

Table 1

Determinant of efficiency variable hypothesis.

Variable	Hypothesis	Model used	Authors
Credit uses	Positive	Data envelopment analysis	Hoai. [30]
Livestock ownership	Positive	Beta regression analysis	Endalew et al. [31]
Age of household head	Positive	Stochastic frontier analysis	Wang [32]
Soil fertility	Positive	Experimental approach	Anas et al. [33]
Sex of the household head	Positive	Data envelopment analysis	Oluwatayo and Adedeji. [34]
Distance to nearest markets	Negative	Meta frontier	Cheng et al. [35]
Off-/non-farm activities	Positive	Stochastic frontier approach	Mironkina et al. [36]
Extension contact	Positive	ICT-based	Aker et al. [37]
Family size	Positive	Stochastic frontier approach	Bahta et al. [38]
Education	Positive	Stochastic frontier model	Boltianska et al. [39]