Composting for a More Sustainable Palm Oil Waste Management: A Systematic Literature Review

Table 10

Review of the development of soil-mixed waste applications.

Methods	Dosage	Results	References
Mulching (three same-age plant blocks)	POME and EFB as organic fertilizers	The POME application produced an FFB that was not significantly different from the EFB application although the production of the EFB block was lower than the POME block. The average FFB production in both blocks was already above the potential for moderate-class land production. The POME application resulted in higher plant height, female flowers, and sex ratio than the EFB application	[100]
Mulching (three blocks with a total of 60 samples)	POME and EFB as organic fertilizers	Applying organic fertilizer had the same effect on palm oil plants’ production and agronomic character. Palm oil production on land where EFB and POME were applied was still below the production potential according to the intermediate class of land production	[101]
Mulching (three blocks with a total of 60 samples)	POME and EFB as organic fertilizers	Each year’s growth and productivity of palm oil plantations had not yet reached the production potential in the moderate-class of land suitability. POME and EFB applied the same effect on all agronomic characteristics of palm oil plant growth	[102]
Mulching	Composition of planting media (sand soil, clay soil, and a mixture of both) with the addition of four doses of dry mud (% volume) with 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% seeds	There was no excellent combination between the dosage of POME dry mud and soil type. Applying dry mud POME concentration of 10% was sufficient to produce good growth of palm oil seedlings. The four doses gave the same effect as NPK fertilizer and urea at a dose of 0.4 g on palm oil growth	[103]