Endometriosis (EM) is a gynecological disorder that causes morbidity in women and is characterized by endometrial tissue in the uterus cavity. This study investigated the mechanism of genistein in the VEGF-A and ER-α expression through in vivo and in silico approaches. An in vivo study was conducted by thirty-six mice that were divided into six groups including control, EM, and EM treatment with genistein with the doses of 1.3, 1.95, 2.6, and 3.25 mg/day for 14 days. Peritoneal tissues with lesions were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry to measure the VEGF-A and ER-α expression. The data were analyzed using a statistical approach using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test with a significant value <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18.973pt" style="vertical-align:-3.42938pt" id="M1" height="11.7782pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-113" d="M570 304C570 398 525 448 414 448C385 448 343 445 312 434L329 511L321 518C297 504 262 482 244 460L233 411C195 397 159 381 128 358L135 332C160 347 189 360 224 373L111 -147C97 -210 84 -218 17 -231L13 -257L254 -247L259 -218L233 -216C183 -212 177 -202 189 -142L218 -1C238 -10 266 -12 283 -12C351 3 429 48 483 105C543 168 570 242 570 304ZM482 289C482 161 380 33 304 33C278 33 248 51 233 69L303 396C326 400 352 403 369 403C428 403 482 380 482 289Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)"><path id="g117-91" d="M512 -3V55L134 254V256L512 456V514L75 281V230L512 -3Z"/></g></svg><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21.921pt" style="vertical-align:-3.42938pt" height="11.7782pt" version="1.1" viewBox="22.555183800000002 -8.34882 21.921 11.7782"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)"><path id="g113-49" d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)"><path id="g113-47" d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-49"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)"><path id="g113-54" d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z"/></g></svg>. In silico study was conducted for investigating the inhibition mechanism of genistein in VEGF-A and ER-α protein. Genistein significantly reduced the VEGF-A and ER-α expression with the optimum dose of 3.25 mg/day. Molecular docking showed that genistein inhibited VEGF-A in several active site residues of VEGF-A, also blocked the ER-α protein in estradiol binding sites. This study concluded that genistein prevented endometriosis by performing the antiangiogenic activity and showed a similar function to estradiol.

Sutrisno Sutrisno

Maharani Maharani

Genistein Ameliorated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) and Estrogen Receptor-Alpha (ER-α) in Endometriosis Mice Model, In Vivo and In Silico

The purpose of this paper was to document and organize spice production, marketing, and value chain in Ethiopia. Spice is the most essential farming product. Several native and exotic spices are grown by smallholder farmers across the country because Ethiopia has diverse agroecology and favorable climate conditions. The spice subsector has great potential for the country’s economic development and poverty alleviation, cultivation, preparation, transport, and merchandising of spices and herbs. Spice market indicates the commodity value of spices. The major problems regarding the marketing system of spices were lack of communication between farmers and users, lack of linkage between sellers and buyers, and lack of postharvest management, storage facilities, regulated and cooperative markets, transportation, and knowledge of market news. The escalating value of spices is superficially envisioned, extending from smallholder production to partial handling, which seems to be the everyday value chain.

Abdurahman Wondimnew

Spice Production, Marketing, and Value Chain in Ethiopia

Review articles present comprehensive overview of relevant literature on specific themes and synthesise the studies related to these themes, with the aim of strengthening the foundation of knowledge and facilitating theory development. The significance of review articles in science is immeasurable as both students and researchers rely on these articles as the starting point for their research. Interestingly, many postgraduate students are expected to write review articles for journal publications as a way of demonstrating their ability to contribute to new knowledge in their respective fields. However, there is no comprehensive instructional framework to guide them on how to analyse and synthesise the literature in their niches into publishable review articles. The dearth of ample guidance or explicit training results in students having to learn all by themselves, usually by trial and error, which often leads to high rejection rates from publishing houses. Therefore, this article seeks to identify these challenges from a beginner’s perspective and strives to plug the identified gaps and discrepancies. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to serve as a systematic guide for emerging scientists and to summarise the most important information on how to write and structure a publishable review article.

Ayodeji Amobonye

Japareng Lalung

Gift Mheta

Santhosh Pillai

Writing a Scientific Review Article: Comprehensive Insights for Beginners

Aircraft designers are mainly interested in finding the level of pressure, stresses, and deformations of the parts of the aircraft wing. In many aviation accidents, the failure of the wing is the main cause of disasters, as it is considered the main surface that generates the necessary lift for the aircraft in addition to its other functions in controlling the transverse stability. In this work, a numerical study was performed to obtain the optimum wing structural design parameters for high strength and minimum weight for the L-39 A/C wing. The wing was modeled as a honeycomb with different thicknesses using the software SOLIDWORKS 2020. The pressure distribution was predicted using the FLUENT 2022 R1 package. Having obtained the aerodynamic pressure, the deformations and stresses were obtained using the ANSYS program. The results were compared with other researchers using other models, such as using ribs and stringers in the interior structure of the wing. The current results were found to be reliable and acceptable from the design point of view of the high stiffness-to-weight ratio.

Ibtisam J. Ismeal

Mehmet Bakirci

Muhsin J. Jweeg

An Optimum Design of a Subsonic Aircraft Wing due to the Aerodynamic Loading

This study reports on a literature review of the leguminous tree Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr which is found in the N'djamena region, the Republic of Chad. The study focused on S. sesban’s medicinal and ethnomedicinal uses, biological features, and phytochemical constituents to assist in future evaluations. A literature review was conducted using academic websites, such as Science Direct and Springer, online international plant databases, and data from national herbaria. S. sesban is a perennial shrub or tree that measures 3-4 m in height. This species is becoming rare in N'djamena but can be found in the rainy season, while in winter, it occurs mainly in ponds (called the Chadian dialect “Bouta”) and on the shores of the Chari and Logone rivers. The local inhabitants in Chad use the species as medicine, livestock feed, and fuelwood and for improving soil fertility and repelling desert encroachment. Traditional healers use its leaves to treat breast cancer and edema. S. sesban is an essential species native to the Republic of Chad that needs conservation and valorization. Viewing its importance and rarity in N’djamena , a strategy for replanting the species in gardens, homes, and fields around N'djamena and other regions of Chad is recommended.

Ousman Brahim Mahamat

Saoud Younes

Brahim Boy Otchom

Steven Franzel

Al-Djazouli Ouchar Mahamat Hidjazi

El ismaili Soumaya

A Review on Medicinal and Ethnomedicinal Uses, Biological Features, and Phytochemical Constituents of Sesbania sesban L. Merr., A Nitrogen-Fixing Plant Native to the Republic of Chad

Background. COVID-19 belongs to the beta-corona cluster that spreads enormously via aerosols. Physiotherapists must be knowledgeable about the symptoms, mode of transmission, risk mitigation strategies, and practice guidelines for COVID-19. Objective. This study aimed to assess physiotherapists’ knowledge of COVID-19 guidelines, their attitude toward this new evolving field, and their practice routines in India’s COVID-19 ICUs. Methods. It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed through e-mail and WhatsApp to physiotherapists using Google Forms between February 2022 and January 2023. The questionnaires consisted of demographics and 23 questions in three sections about the knowledge, attitude, and practice of physiotherapists working in the COVID-19 ICU. Data analysis was carried out using Jamovi. Results. A total of 136 responses were obtained from 18 states of India. Of 136 participants, 89 were female (65.4%) and 47 were male (34.6%). The highest level of qualification was BPT (n = 69 (50.7%)), followed by MPT (n = 62 (45.6%)) and Ph.D. (3 (3.7%)). The knowledge about COVID-19 guidelines is fair. Only 21.3% of the physiotherapists received training before being deployed in COVID-19 ICUs, and the CARP protocol was well known by only as few as 10.3%. The criteria advised for close monitoring of patients during treatment was aware by 29.4%. Most physiotherapists have a good attitude toward treating COVID-19 patients; 70.63% strongly agree that physiotherapy is vital in these patients despite the risk of self-exposure, and 64.7% agree that physiotherapy should be initiated during all phases of COVID-19. Physiotherapists follow good practices for COVID-19 patients in the ICU, which is as per the guideline recommendation. Conclusion. Physiotherapists working in COVID-19 ICUs have a fair knowledge of the existing physiotherapy guidelines for COVID-19, and they exhibit good attitudes and practice patterns.

Nikitha Suresh Babu

Vijay Pratap Singh

K. Shyam Krishnan

Dattatray Prabhu

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Physiotherapists in COVID-19 ICUs: A National Survey

An operability certificate is required before using a building. The building operability certificate concerns occupants’ safety before the building is used and is directed by Law Government Regulation 16 of 2021 for building security. This article discusses implementing a building operability certificate underperforming and the strategy for implementing the building operability certificate (SLF) policy. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. First, qualitative data analysis utilizing SWOT determined the building operability certificate implementation strategy. Second, ranking strategies are analyzed to identify (QSPM’s) priorities. According to the regulation that every building must have SLF, the building operability certificate was not appropriately implemented. With the current building information system legislation, each region can issue Building Approval (PBG) and building operability certificate (SLF). Research findings based on SWOT and QSPM are used to generate seven strategies: Regional Apparatus Work Units (SKPD) commitment, increased socialization, regulation implementation, capacity building, optimal communication, SIMBG implementation, and increasing resources.

Dwi Putranto Riau

Rulinawaty

Dwi Siswahyudi

Muhtarom

Strategies for Implementing Building Operability Certificate to Improve Performance of Building Management: A Case Study in Probolinggo City, Indonesia

Background and Objectives. The child’s behaviour and cooperating ability are a crucial factor in deciding the restorative material for pediatric patients. Among the adhesive materials, glass ionomer cement has been the choice of restorative material while restoring primary teeth. However, due to poor physical properties such as wear resistance and water sorption, resin modified glass ionomer cements and composites that are light-cured adhesive restorative materials are preferred. Since the introduction of Cention N, as a self-cured smart alkasite material for restoration, some studies have demonstrated superior mechanical properties in comparison with conventional glass ionomers, modified glass ionomers, and composites. Predominantly, these studies evaluated properties such as microleakage, fluoride release, and marginal adaptation. We conducted this study to evaluate the compressive strength, flexural strength, and shear bond strength of Cention N in the primary teeth. Methods. 22 specimens prepared with Cention and RMGIC were embedded in primary teeth mounted in acrylic for analysing shear bond strength. Shear bond strength was analysed using a universal testing machine. The modes of failure in samples were observed under a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. 22 customised samples of Cention N and RMGIC were prepared and categorised as group A and group B, respectively. The flexural and compressive strengths of these samples were evaluated using a universal testing machine. Results. The shear bond strength of RMGIC was higher than that of Cention N, whereas the compressive and flexural strengths of Cention N were significantly higher than those of RMGIC. The modes of failure were predominantly adhesive followed by mixed failures. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that Cention N demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared with RMGIC and can therefore be recommended for restorations in primary posterior teeth. Cention N being a smart, esthetic, self-cured, or dual-cured material with better mechanical properties offers a wide range of applicability in primary teeth.

Deepika Pai

P. A. Anirudhmaadhava

Kishore Ginjupalli

In Vitro Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Cention N and Its Comparison with Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) Restorative Material as Used in Primary Teeth

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The Scientific World Journal publishes original research and review articles&nbsp;covering a wide range of subjects in science, technology, and medicine.

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The Scientific World Journal publishes original research and review articles covering a wide range of subjects in science, technology, and medicine.

The Scientific World Journal