The purpose of this study was to examine the postlecture evaluation by the students taking a course (Tomorrow's Leaders) that attempted to promote their leadership qualities and intrapersonal competencies at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Hong Kong. Except for the last lecture, students were invited to respond to a 12-item postlecture questionnaire after each lecture. Results showed that the students had positive perceptions of the subject, class, and teacher attributes, and they had positive global evaluation of the teacher and the subject. The postlecture evaluation questionnaire was found to possess good psychometric properties. Multiple regression analyses showed that subject, class, and teacher attributes were predictive of global evaluation of the lecture and the teacher. In conjunction with other evaluation findings, the present findings strongly suggest that students had positive perceptions of the attributes and benefits of “Tomorrow's Leaders.”

Daniel T. L. Shek

Postlecture Evaluation of a Positive Youth Development Subject for University Students in Hong Kong

This study attempted to develop a standardized instrument for assessment of prosocial reasoning in Chinese populations. The Prosocial Reasoning Objective Measure (PROM) was translated, and a two-stage study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the translated instrument. The content validity, cultural relevance, and reading level of the translated instrument were evaluated by an expert panel. Upon revisions according to the expert opinions, the Chinese PROM demonstrated good content validity, &#x201c;good-to-very good test-retest&#x201d; reliability, and internal consistency. However, only partial support to the convergent validity of the Chinese PROM was found. In the first stage of the study (<svg style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:42.912498px;" id="M1" height="11.1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 42.912498 11.1" width="42.912498"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)">
		<g transform="translate(72,-63.12)">
			<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑛</tspan>
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0">=</tspan>
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0">5</tspan>
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0">0</tspan>
			</text>

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</svg>), the PROM scores had high positive correlations with empathy and negative correlations with personal distress and fantasy. These results were consistent with theoretical expectations, although this is also a concern that empathy had a close-to-unity correlation with PROM score in the small sample study of stage 1. In the second stage of the study (<svg style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:50.724998px;" id="M2" height="11.1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 50.724998 11.1" width="50.724998"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)">
		<g transform="translate(72,-63.12)">
			<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑛</tspan>
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0">=</tspan>
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0">5</tspan>
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				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0">6</tspan>
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</svg>), the relationship between PROM scores and prosocial behavior appeared to be weak. Results suggest that there were many personal, family, or social factors that were linked to prosocial behavior, and prosocial reasoning might only contribute to a small proportion of variation in prosocial behavior among adolescents.

Frank H. Y. Lai

Andrew M. H. Siu

Chewtyn C. H. Chan

Measurement of Prosocial Reasoning among Chinese Adolescents

Problem gambling is complex and often comorbid with other mental health problems. Unfortunately, gambling studies on comorbid psychiatric disorders among Chinese communities are extremely limited. The objectives of this study were to (a) determine the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders among treatment-seeking pathological gamblers; (b) compare the demographic profiles and clinical features of pathological gamblers with and without comorbid psychiatric disorders; (c) explore the associations between pathological gambling and psychiatric disorders and their temporal relationship. Participants (<svg style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:56.262501px;" id="M1" height="10.9125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 56.262501 10.9125" width="56.262501"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
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				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.143772" y="0">2</tspan>
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				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.646774" y="0">1</tspan>
			</text>

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	</g>
</svg>) who sought gambling counseling were examined by making Axis-I diagnoses including mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, and adjustment disorder. Results showed that 63.7&#x25; of participants had lifetime comorbid psychiatric disorder. The most common comorbid psychiatric mental disorders were mood disorders, adjustment disorder, and substance use disorders. Pathological gamblers with psychiatric comorbidities were significantly more severe in psychopathology, psychosocial functioning impairment, and gambling problems than those without the disorders.

Elda M. L. Chan

Ryan H. Y. Wong

Associations between Pathological Gambling and Psychiatric Comorbidity among Help-Seeking Populations in Hong Kong

Consumption of pornographic materials was examined in 3,638 secondary 2 students in Hong Kong. Results showed that over 80% of the respondents had never consumed pornographic materials in the past year. Internet pornography was the most common medium that adolescents used when viewing pornographic materials. Males reported a higher level of pornography consumption than did females. Participants who were born in mainland China were more likely to consume pornographic materials than their Hong Kong counterparts. Regardless of the types of pornographic materials, the levels of pornography consumption significantly increased over time. Results also showed that higher levels of positive youth development and better family functioning were concurrently related to a lower level of pornography consumption at secondary 2. The relative contribution of positive youth development and family factors to pornographic material consumption was also explored.

Cecilia M. S. Ma

Consumption of Pornographic Materials among Hong Kong Early Adolescents: A Replication

The present study investigated the prevalence and demographic correlates of Internet addiction in Hong Kong adolescents as well as the change in related behavior at two time points over a one-year interval. Two waves of data were collected from a large sample of students (Wave 1: 3,328 students, age <svg style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:95.337502px;" id="M1" height="12.2375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 95.337502 12.2375" width="95.337502"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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				<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.916779" y="0">4</tspan>
			</text>

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</svg> years; Wave 2: 3,580 students, age <svg style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:95.337502px;" id="M2" height="12.2375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 95.337502 12.2375" width="95.337502"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg> years) at 28 secondary schools in Hong Kong. Comparable to findings at Wave 1 (26.4&#x25;), 26.7&#x25; of the participants met the criterion of Internet addiction at Wave 2 as measured by Young&#x2019;s 10-item Internet Addiction Test. The behavioral pattern of Internet addiction was basically stable over time. While the predictive effects of demographic variables including age, gender, family economic status, and immigration status were not significant, Internet addictive behaviors at Wave 1 significantly predicted similar behaviors at Wave 2. Students who met the criterion of Internet addiction at Wave 1 were 7.55 times more likely than other students to be classified as Internet addicts at Wave 2. These results suggest that early detection and intervention for Internet addiction should be carried out.

Lu Yu

Internet Addiction Phenomenon in Early Adolescents in Hong Kong

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