Fungi and Mycotoxins in Feed Intended for Sows at Different Reproductive Stages in Argentina

Table 3

Mycotoxin levels found in raw materials and finished sow feed at different reproductive stages.

Mycotoxins		Raw material samples		Finished pig feed samples
		Milled maize	Soybean	Sow	Nonpregnant gilt	Pregnant gilt
AFB1	Media $\pm$ SD${}^{*}$ ($\mu$g Kg^-1)	${\text{ND}}^{\mathrm{\Psi }}$	ND	$228.2\pm 95$	ND	ND
	Frequency (%)${}^{†}$	—	—	80	—	—
	Samples over limits (%)${}^{‡}$	—	—	100	—	—
OTA	Media $\pm$ SD ($\mu$g Kg^-1)	${\text{ND}}^{\mathrm{\Psi }}$	ND	ND	0.259 $\pm$ 0.123	ND
	Frequency (%)	—	—	—	100	—
	Samples over limits (%)	—	—	—	0	—
FB1	Media $\pm$ SD ($\mu$g Kg^-1)	660.9 $\pm$ 415.7	82.8 $\pm$ 28.3	334.2 $\pm$ 178.4	353.1 $\pm$ 126.4	341.6 $\pm$ 118.2
	Frequency (%)	100	50	67	100	100
	Samples over limits (%)	0	0	0	0	0
ZEA	Media $\pm$ SD ($\mu$g Kg^-1)	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	Frequency (%)	—	—	—	—	—
	Samples over limits (%)	—	—	—	—	—

${}^{*}$SD: standard deviation of three replicates. ${}^{†}$Contamination frequency (%): percentage of samples contaminated with mycotoxin. ${}^{‡}$Percentage of samples contaminated with levels over the recommended: AFB₁: 20 $\mu$g Kg^-1, OTA: 50 $\mu$g Kg^-1, ZEA: 100 $\mu$g Kg^-1 (pregnant), FB₁: 5000 $\mu$g Kg^-1. ${}^{\mathrm{\Psi }}$Not detected.