Usefulness and Limitation of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Intussusception in Cows

Table 1

Preoperative clinical parameters in cases of intestinal intussusception in cows.

Reference range values	Clinical values (Mean ± SE)	Reference range values	Clinical values (Mean ± SE)
Rectal temperature (101-102°F)	100.7 ± 0.66	Heart rate (60–80 beats/min)	83.33 ± 2.46
Respiration rate (15–30 breaths/min)	25 ± 1.69	Hematocrit (23–36%)	42 ± 1.79
Hemoglobin (7.5–12.5 g/dL)	9.43 ± 0.45	Total leukocyte count (4–20 × 10^3/μL)	9.24 ± 0.42
Total erythrocyte count (5– 8 × 10^6/μL)	6.34 ± 0.34	Lymphocytes (58%)	56.83 ± 1.92
Neutrophils (28%)	41.17 ± 2.09	Peritoneal fluid cell count (1–20,000 cells/mm^3)	3591.67 ± 548.55
Peritoneal fluid proteins (1–5 mg/dL)	5.17 ± 0.50	Ruminal fluid chloride (30 mEq/L)	66.1 ± 8.036