Evaluation of Analgesic Effect of Caudal Epidural Tramadol, Tramadol-Lidocaine, and Lidocaine in Water Buffalo Calves (Bubalus bubalis)

Table 2

Hematobiochemical parameters after caudal epidural administration of tramadol alone (T), tramadol-lidocaine combination (TL), and lidocaine alone (L) in buffalo calves (mean ± SD, ).

Parameter	Group	Time interval
		0 min	30 min	60 min	90 min	120 min	24 h
Hb (gm/dL)	T	10.25 ± 1.3	8.4 ± 1.2	7.2 ± 1.3	6.1 ± 0.3	6.2 ± 1.0	10.4 ± 0.3
	TL	10.1 ± 1.8	8.0 ± 0.7	7.15 ± 1.2	6.75 ± 1.0	6.81 ± 0.7	10.5 ± 0.3
	L	9.7 ± 1.4	7.24 ± 1.2	7.20 ± 1.1	6.82 ± 0.8	6.05 ± 1.2	9.9 ± 0.5
PCV%	T	26.8 ± 1.3	23.7 ± 2.1	22.1 ± 1.3	20.9 ± 0.3	20.2 ± 1.1	26.9 ± 1.2
	TL	28.2 ± 1.2	24.0 ± 1.4	22.02 ± 0.8	20.4 ± 0.2	20.0 ± 1.5	28. 2 ± 0.2
	L	28.8 ± 0.7	23.24 ± 0.4	21.9 ± 0.2	21.20 ± 0.8	22.03 ± 0.6	28.01 ± 1.0
RBCs (10^6/mm^3)	T	6.4 ± 0.5	5.5 ± 0.1	5.0 ± 0.3	4.7 ± 0.1	4.3 ± 0.1	6.6 ± 0.2
	TL	5.7 ± 0.3	4.9 ± 0.3	4.4 ± 0.5	4.1 ± 0.2	3.75 ± 0.4	5.6 ± 0.5
	L	6.4 ± 0.3	4.9 ± 0.5	4.5 ± 0.2	4.01 ± 0.2	4.04 ± 0.5	6.2 ± 0.2
TLC (10^3/mm)	T	8.79 ± 0.52	7.7 ± 0.02	7.91 ± 0.23	7.0 ± 0.3	6.9 ± 0.02	9.25 ± 0.52
	TL	9.22 ± 0.31	8.5 ± 0.2	7.5 ± 0.6	6.2 ± 1.1	6.0 ± 0.2	9.5 ± 0.2
	L	9.5 ± 0.6	8.1 ± 0.4	7.3 ± 0.3	6.1 ± 0.2	6.0 ± 0.5	9.3 ± 0.7
Blood glucose (mg/dL)	T	70.2 ± 1.5	75.1 ± 0.2	76.2 ± 0.6	76.5 ± 0.3	79.1 ± 0.1	69.6 ± 1.0
	TL	69.5 ± 1.5	73.1 ± 2.3	78.2 ± 1.1	79.2 ± 0.4	79.5 ± 1.5	69.7 ± 0.8
	L	70.5 ± 2.0	75.2 ± 2.5	75.4 ± 2.1	77.3 ± 0.2	78.7 ± 2.5	69.7 ± 2.0
BUN (mg/dL)	T	29.2 ± 2.2	29.7 ± 1.2	29.9 ± 0.3	29.9 ± 0.2	30.4 ± 1.0	28.3 ± 2.5
	TL	24.2 ± 2.3	25.1 ± 2.1	27.2 ± 0.1	29.3 ± 0.4	29.5 ± 0.9	23.5 ± 2.2
	L	25.4 ± 1.2	26.2 ± 1.2	27.5 ± 1.2	29.3 ± 1.1	29.5 ± 1.3	25.4 ± 1.4
ALP (Unit/mL)	T	84.2 ± 2.2	84.1 ± 1.2	85.1 ± 2.2	85.0 ± 0.2	85.3 ± 1.2	84.1 ± 2.0
	TL	83.3 ± 1.2	84.1 ± 2.3	85.0 ± 2.1	85.5 ± 1.2	85.5 ± 2.2	83.4 ± 2.0
	L	83.2 ± 1.4	84.5 ± 2.2	85.4 ± 2.0	85.3 ± 0.6	85.1 ± 2.5	82.2 ± 1.0
ALT (Unit/mL)	T	27.2 ± 0.2	28.9 ± 0.2	28.91 ± 0.3	28.95 ± 0.3	29.01 ± 0.2	26.2 ± 0.1
	TL	24.3 ± 0.3	27.5 ± 1.0	28.9 ± 0.5	29.01 ± 0.2	29.2 ± 0.5	23.9 ± 0.4
	L	25.4 ± 0.7	26.5 ± 1.6	28.1 ± 0.4	28.5 ± 0.3	28.9 ± 0.3	25.2 ± 0.5

Values with different letters differ significantly () among groups.