Assessment of Factors Influencing the Implementation of Biosecurity Measures on Pig Farms in the Western Highlands of Cameroon (Central Africa)
Table 1
General characteristics of pig farmers and farms in Menoua Division.
Characteristics
Subdivisions
Total ()
Dschang ()
Fokoué ()
Penka Michel ()
Sex of farmer
Male
24,36
78,10
75,00
76,29
Female
75,61
21,88
25,00
23,71
Farmer age (mean ± SD)
47.04 ± 10.18
49.34 ± 10.31
47.12 ± 10.85
47.82 ± 10.34
Education level
Never been to school
12.20
12.50
25.00
15.46
Primary
17.07
12.50
4.17
12.37
Secondary
53.66
56.25
50.00
53.61
Higher education
17.07
18.75
20.89
18.56
Training in animal husbandry
Yes
24.39
28.12
25.00
29.89
No
75.61
71.87
75.00
70.10
Main activity
Crop farming
34.15
50.00
33.33
39.18
Animal husbandry
29.27
15.63
29.17
24.74
Trade
21.95
15.63
20.83
19.59
Civil servant
9.76
9.38
8.33
9.28
Retired
4.88
9.38
8.33
7.22
Religion
Christian
82.05
80.42
75.89
79.46
Muslim
0.00
0.00
2.58
0.86
Animist
17.95
19.58
21.53
19.68
Matrimonial status
Married
63.41
65.63
45.83
65.96
Bachelor
29.26
25.00
37.51
23.28
Widow(er)
7.32
9.37
16.66
7.76
Experience in animal husbandry (years) (mean ± SD)
10.75 ± 6.16
11.84 ± 6.81
9.75 ± 6.39
10.86 ± 6.42
Husbandry
Extensive
69.25
72.64
77.78
73.22
Semi-intensive
24.89
22.55
19.89
22.45
Intensive
5.86
4.80
2.33
4.33
Herd size (mean ± SD)
17.14 ± 11.62
21 ± 9.89
15.21 ± 10.67
16.87 ± 11.04
Farm age (mean ± SD)
8.15 ± 5.39
8.84 ± 6.07
7.37 ± 5.25
8.18 ± 5.56
Apart from characteristics expressed in terms of mean ± SD, other characteristics are in percentage. SD = standard deviation; N = total number of farms. n = number of farms per subdivision; extensive system = animals of relatively small number are permanently penned and feed on agriculture by-products and kitchen wastes; semi-intensive system = cross-bred animals are permanently penned in piggery with a roughcast floor and feed on kitchen waste, agricultural by-products and often industrial feed; intensive system = animals are improved breeds, indoors, in high number; the piggery is a modern building; feedstuff is exclusively industrial; management system is modern.
