Assessment of Major Causes of Calf Mortality in Urban and Periurban Dairy Production System of Ethiopia

Table 4

Logistic regression analysis of management-related risk factors for mortality of calves in the dairy production system.

Variables	Category	Mortality rate n(%)	Odds ratio (OR)	95% CI (OR)	value
Time of birth	Day	193 (11.3)	1.0
	Night	116 (6.8)	0.95	0.60, 1.52	0.835
Delivery status	Normal	107 (6.3)	1.0
	Assisted	9 (0.5)	1.05	0.60, 1.98	0.886
Dam parity	Primiparous	107 (6.3)	1.0
	Multiparous	194 (11.4)	1.08	0.60, 1.81	0.775
Herd size	1–10	96 (5.6)	1.0
	10–20	61 (3.6)	1.13	0.63, 2.02	0.686
	20–30	112 (6.6)	1.63	0.83, 3.18	0.157
	>30	40 (2.3)	1.94	0.65, 5.78	0.236
Calving facility	Yes	37 (2.2)	1.0
	No	272 (16.0)	0.76	0.3, 1.61	0.470
Navel treatment	Practiced	77 (4.5)	1.0
	Not practiced	232 (13.6)	0.41	0.23, 0.73	0.003
Colostrum feeding	Full suckling	301 (17.7)	1.0
	Restricted	8 (0.5)	0.56	0.20, 1.53	0.256
Colostrum and milk feeding method	Hand feeding	216 (12.7)	1.0
	Suckling	93 (5.5)	0.48	0.28, 0.83	0.008

Significantly different ().