Comparison of Tick Control and Antibiotic Use Practices at Farm Level in Regions of High and Low Acaricide Resistance in Uganda

Table 5

Practices, attitudes, and knowledge of farmers regarding antibiotic use in lactating cows.

Variable	Category	Frequency (%)
		HARA	LARA
Whether sick cows were observed among the milking herd in the last three months	Yes	10 (100)	5 (50)
	No	0	5 (50)
Name of disease treated in the last three months	Black quarter	0	1 (10)
	Mastitis	1 (10)	0
	Coinfections of TBDs	6 (60)	1 (10)
	ECF	3 (30)	2 (20)
	Trypanosomiasis	0	1 (10)
	None	0	5 (50)
Person responsible for disease diagnosis	Farmer	8 (80)	5 (50)
	Fellow farmer	0	3 (30)
	Herdsman	1 (10)	1 (10)
	Veterinary doctor	1 (10)	1 (10)
Drugs used to treat sick cows	Oxytetracycline	2 (20)	7 (70)
	Penicillin and streptomycin	0	1 (20)
	Tylosin	0	1 (10)
	Gentamicin	1 (10)	0
	Oxytetracycline and buparvaquone	7 (70)	0
Person administering drugs	Farmer	6 (60)	9 (90)
	Paraveterinarians	2 (20)	1 (10)
	Veterinarian	2 (20)	0
Category of drugs commonly used to treat sick dairy cows on the farm	Antibiotics	5 (50)	10 (100)
	Antibiotics and buparvaquones	5 (50)	0
Frequency of antibiotic use	Daily	1 (10)	2 (20)
	Weekly	4 (40)	4 (40)
	Monthly	5 (50)	4 (40)
Concentration (%) of oxytetracycline normally used	10% oxytetracycline	10 (100)	3 (30)
	12.5% oxytetracycline	0	2 (20)
	20% oxytetracycline	0	5 (50)
Drugs usually kept at the farm for emergencies (multiple options available)	Antibiotics	10 (100)	10 (100)
	Acaricides	10 (100)	10 (100)
	Dewormers	10 (100)	7 (70)
	Imidocarb dipropionate	10 (100)	2 (20)
	Buparvaquones and parvaquones	10 (100)	0
Availability of treatment records	Yes	0	0
	No	10 (100)	10 (100)
Whether the farmer continued to milk the cows or not immediately after treatment with drugs.	Yes	8 (80)	7 (70)
	No	2 (20)	3 (30)

N = 10 for both HARA and LARA.