Prevalence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Embu and Kajiado Counties, Kenya

Table 4

Univariate logistic regression analysis between different risk factors and cow-level mastitis (defined as culture positive) in 395 dairy cows in Embu and Kajiado counties.

Variable	Number examined, n = 395	Mastitis culture results (%)		95% CI		value
		Negative (%)	Positive (%)	Lower	Upper
County
Kajiado	206	62 (30.1)	144 (69.9)
Embu	189	39 (20.6)	150 (79.4)	1.044	2.626	0.032
Production system
Semi-intensive	73	25 (34.2)	48 (65.8)
Intensive	322	76 (23.6)	246 (76.4)	0.975	2.915	0.062
Housed
No	7	3 (42.9)	4 (57.1)
Yes	388	98 (25.3)	290 (74.7)	0.488	10.091	0.302
Floor type
Concrete	305	81 (26.6)	224 (73.4)
Earthen	90	20 (22.2)	70 (77.8)	0.724	2.212	0.408
Bedding
Yes	123	40 (32.5)	83 (67.5)
No	272	61 (22.4)	211 (77.6)	1.039	2.675	0.034
Cleaning of floors
Daily	298	82 (27.5)	216 (72.5)
Weekly	97	19 (19.6)	78 (80.4)	0.888	2.734	0.122
Milking the cows last
Yes	107	43 (40.2)	64 (59.8)
No	288	58 (20.1)	230 (79.9)	1.645	4.314	0.001
Proper milking technique
Yes	387	100 (25.8)	287 (74.2)
No	8	1 (12.5)	7 (87.5)	0.296	20.07	0.407
Drying towel
Yes	375	97 (25.9)	278 (74.1)
No	20	4 (20)	16 (80)	0.455	4.277	0.560
Towel for each cow
Yes	165	59 (35.8)	106 (64.2)
No	230	42 (18.3)	188 (81.7)	1.570	3.954	0.001
Washing hands between milkings
Yes	171	58 (33.9)	113 (66.1)
No	224	43 (19.2)	181 (80.8)	1.365	3.419	0.001
Teat dips
Yes	52	21 (40.4)	31 (59.6)
No	343	80 (23.3)	263 (76.7)	1.213	4.09	0.01
Dry therapy
Yes	94	28 (29.8)	66 (70.2)
No	301	73 (24.3)	228 (75.7)	0.792	2.217	0.284
Culling
Yes	77	22 (28.6)	55 (71.4)
No	318	79 (24.8)	239 (75.2)	0.694	2.11	0.501
Test for mastitis
No	249	72 (28.9)	177 (71.1)
Yes	146	29 (19.9)	117 (80.1)	1.005	2.68	0.048
Breed
Crosses	26	10 (38.5)	16 (61.5)
Exotic	369	91 (24.7)	278 (75.3)	0.230	1.195	0.124
Parity
1	102	34 (33.3)	68 (66.7)
2	99	24 (24.2)	75 (75.8)	0.843	2.896	0.156
3	94	22 (23.4)	72 (76.6)	0.401	3.074	0.126
4+	100	21 (21)	79 (79)	0.416	3.543	0.05
Stage of lactation
Early	106	21 (19.8)	85 (80.2)
Mid	134	40 (29.9)	94 (70.1)	1	2.050	0.444
Late	155	40 (25.8)	115 (74.2)	1.223	3.152	0.078
History of mastitis
No	237	70 (29.5)	167 (70.5)
Yes	158	31 (19.6)	127 (80.4)	1.061	2.78	0.028

Factors significant at ; CI: confidence interval.