Conventional Echocardiography and Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking in Healthy Sevoflurane-Anesthetized Dogs Undergoing Continuous Rate Infusion of Nalbuphine
Table 3
Mean ± standard deviation of echocardiographic variables reflecting left ventricular diastolic function in 18 bitches anesthetized with sevoflurane and undergoing continuous rate infusion of nalbuphine (GN) or saline (GC) over 80 minutes of observation.
Variable
Group
Time (minutes)
Baseline
20
40
60
80
E wave (m/s)
GN
0.64 ± 0.20
0.68 ± 0.18
0.71 ± 0.20
0.70 ± 0.19
0.68 ± 0.22
GC
0.63 ± 0.09
0.63 ± 0.09
0.63 ± 0.10
0.63 ± 0.11
0.59 ± 0.10
A wave (m/s)
GN
0.30 ± 0.09
0.27 ± 0.09
0.34 ± 0.11
0.30 ± 0.13
0.33 ± 0.12
GC
0.30 ± 0.09
0.27 ± 0.10
0.32 ± 0.08
0.28 ± 0.05
0.33 ± 0.08
E : A ratio
GN
2.32 ± 1.06
2.75 ± 1.15
2.28 ± 0.96
2.68 ± 1.39
2.30 ± 1.16
GC
2.23 ± 0.59
2.59 ± 1.00
2.03 ± 0.42
2.34 ± 0.61
1.87 ± 0.46
IVRT (ms)
GN
55 ± 9
53 ± 9
60 ± 18
57 ± 13
63 ± 16
GC
55 ± 6
57 ± 10
60 ± 9
59 ± 7
63 ± 12
E′ wave (m/s)
GN
0.11 ± 0.03
0.12 ± 0.02
0.12 ± 0.05
0.12 ± 0.03
0.13 ± 0.04
GC
0.12 ± 0.03
0.12 ± 0.03
0.12 ± 0.03
0.11 ± 0.02
0.11 ± 0.03
A′ wave (m/s)
GN
0.06 ± 0.02
0.05 ± 0.01
0.06 ± 0.01
0.06 ± 0.02
0.06 ± 0.01
GC
0.06 ± 0.02
0.06 ± 0.02
0.07 ± 0.02
0.06 ± 0.02
0.06 ± 0.02
E′ : A′ ratio
GN
1.94 ± 1.00
2.52 ± 1.06
2.14 ± 0.92
2.23 ± 1.00
2.31 ± 0.98
GC
2.17 ± 0.93
2.09 ± 0.85
1.77 ± 0.52
1.94 ± 0.55
1.85 ± 0.51
Significantly different compared to baseline according to Dunnett’s test (). E wave, peak velocity of early left ventricular filling; A wave, peak velocity of atrial contraction; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; E′ wave, peak early left ventricular filling derived from tissue Doppler; A′ wave, peak velocity of atrial contraction derived from tissue Doppler.
