Conventional Echocardiography and Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking in Healthy Sevoflurane-Anesthetized Dogs Undergoing Continuous Rate Infusion of Nalbuphine

Table 4

Mean ± standard deviation of hemodynamic variables in 18 bitches anesthetized with sevoflurane and undergoing continuous rate infusion of nalbuphine (G_N) or saline (G_C) over 80 minutes of observation.

Variable	Group	Time (minutes)
		Baseline	20	40	60	80
HR (beats/minute)	GN	103 ± 18	89 ± 20	94 ± 18	95 ± 23	93 ± 21
	GC	108 ± 17	104 ± 23	103 ± 13	99 ± 13	101 ± 10
SAP (mmHg)	GN	105 ± 19	99 ± 24	105 ± 20	107 ± 23	105 ± 27
	GC	93 ± 33	101 ± 16	100 ± 10	106 ± 12	106 ± 18
DAP (mmHg)	GN	57 ± 11	55 ± 12	57 ± 11	58 ± 12	58 ± 11
	GC	59 ± 10	57 ± 12	55 ± 6	58 ± 6	61 ± 8
MAP (mmHg)	GN	71 ± 12	68 ± 15	72 ± 14	72 ± 15	72 ± 13
	GC	74 ± 11	71 ± 13	70 ± 6	73 ± 7	76 ± 10
PVRI (dyne × s/cm^5/m^2)	GN	1575 ± 589	1540 ± 496	1525 ± 513	1446 ± 444	1597 ± 605
	GC	1877 ± 806	1870 ± 938	1832 ± 777	2005 ± 787	2009 ± 865

Variables do not differ according to ANOVA (). HR, heart rate; SAP, systolic arterial pressure; DAP, diastolic arterial pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PVRI, peripheral vascular resistance index.